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Table 5 Multilevel logistic regression analysis of individual and community level factors associated with intimate partner violence in Ethiopia, 2016

From: Spatial distribution and determinants of intimate partner violence among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: Spatial and Multilevel analysis

Characteristics

Model 1

Model II (AOR with 95%)

Model III(AOR with 95%)

Model IV (AOR with 95%)

Age category

15–19(ref)

 

1

 

1

20–24

 

1.82 (1.06, 3.13) *

 

1.87 (1.09, 3.20) **

25–29

 

1.90 (1.12, 3.20) *

 

2.00 (1.17, 3.41) *

30–34

 

1.94 (1.08, 3.48) *

 

2.02 (1.11, 3.69) *

35–39

 

2.13 (1.11, 4.10) *

 

2.21 (1.14, 4.31) *

40–44

 

2.01 (1.07, 3.76) *

 

2.10 (1.12, 3.94) *

45–49

 

2.62 (1.46, 4.70) *

 

2.79 (1.52, 5.10) *

Place of residence

    

Urban

 

1

 

1

Rural

 

1.16 (0.72, 1.85)

 

1.04 (0.62, 1.75)

Education

    

No education

 

1

 

1

Primary

 

1.05 (0.72, 1.89)

 

1.02 (0.77, 1.36)

Secondary or higher

 

0.52 (0.31, 0.87) *

 

0.57 (0.35, 0.91) **

Wealth status

    

Poorest

   

1

Poor

 

0.93 (0.72, 1.20)

 

0.80 (0.61, 1.04)

Middle

 

0.97 (0.67, 1.40)

 

0.84 (0.57, 1.23)

Richer

 

0.80 (0.58, 1.12)

 

0.73 (0.51, 1.06)

Richest

 

0.63 (0.40, 0.98) *

 

0.58 (0.35, 0.97) *

Marital status

    

Not in union

 

1

 

1

In union

 

1.39 (0.68, 2.84)

 

1.35 (0.66, 2.75)

Women empowerment

    

Low

 

1

 

1

High

 

0.78 (0.62, 0.89) *

 

0.81 (0.63, 1.04)

Number of household

    

1–4

 

1

 

1

5–7

 

0.94 (0.72, 1.22

 

0.94 (0.72, 1.23)

8–10

 

1.10 (0.69, 1.75)

 

1.13 (0.71, 1.79)

 > 10

 

3.83 (1.47, 9.96) *

 

3.85 (1.41, 10.54) *

Number of union

    

Once

  

1

1

More than once

  

1.13 (0.76, 1.67)

1.19 (0.87, 1.63)

Region

    

Tigray

  

0.82 (1.08, 1.82)

0.86 (0.76, 1.82)

Afar

  

0.50 (0.28, 0.89) *

0.35 (0.18, 0.69) *

Amhara

  

1.02 (0.73, 2.06)

1.02 (0.56, 1.87)

Oromia

  

1.03 (0.8, 2.24)

1.03 (0.57, 1.83)

Somali

  

0.18 (0.09, 0.34) *

0.12 (0.06, 0.25) *

Benishangul

  

1.02 (0.59, 1.73)

0.87 (0.47, 1.67)

SNNPR

  

0.84 (0.57, 1.40)

0.71 (0.39, 1.26)

Gambela

  

1.17 (0.67, 2.01)

1.047 (0.53, 2.04)

Harari

  

1.71 (0.99, 2.93)

1.65 (0.86, 3.15)

Addis Ababa

  

1

1

Dire Dawa

  

1.04 (0.65, 1.67)

1.03 (0.58, 1.83)

Community media exposure

    

Not exposed

  

1

1

Exposed

  

0.76 (0.59, 0.98) *

0.88 (0.85, 1.29)

Community women empowerment

    

Low

    

High

  

0.67 (0.52, 0.86) *

0.66 (0.49, 0.89) *

Community poverty level

    

Low

  

1

1

High

  

0.89 (0.67, 1.19)

0.92 (0.65, 1.31)

Educational level

    

Low educational attainment

  

1

1

High education attainment

  

0.90 (0.68, 1.20)

0.85 (0.62, 1.19)

  1. AOR: adjusted odds ratio, CI: confidence interval
  2. *p-value < 0.05, **p-value < 0.01