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Table 3 Description of characteristics among groups of adherence of LCD

From: Circulating inflammatory markers may mediate the relationship between low carbohydrate diet and circadian rhythm in overweight and obese women

Variable

Low adherence of LCD

n = 79

30.3%

Other groups

n = 212

69.7%

P value*

P-ANCOVA**

Age (years)

35.05 ± 8.64 1

37.07 ± 8.41

0.07

0.86

Body weight (kg)

84.19 ± 14.04

79.43 ± 11.25

0.001

0.21

Height (cm)

162.37 ± 5.61

160.88 ± 6.1

0.04

0.2

BMI (kg/m2)

32 ± 5.06

30.69 ± 3.96

0.04

0.02

Sleep night

7.91 ± 1.71

7.56 ± 1.54

0.11

0.62

Sleep day

5.79 ± 17.12

3.42 ± 12.09

0.49

0.79

Stress status

8.5 ± 4.96

7.75 ± 5.06

0.27

0.54

Physical activity (MET-minutes/week

1512.32 ± 2602.91

1096.31 ± 1901.06

0.24

0.08

Blood parameters

 

 Glucose (mmol/dl)

87.96 ± 9.41

87.49 ± 9.72

0.7

0.28

 Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

182.07 ± 31.1

185.96 ± 38.04

0.41

0.95

 TG (mg/dl)

124.56 ± 74.99

121.29 ± 68.94

0.74

0.77

 HDL (mg/dl)

46.21 ± 9.48

46.93 ± 11.34

0.64

0.49

 LDL (mg/dl)

93.61 ± 22.15

95.2 ± 25.27

0.65

0.73

 TGF-β (mg/L)

72.71 ± 22.09

80.03 ± 54.1

0.21

0.81

 IL-1β (mg/L)

2.82 ± 0.84

2.68 ± 0.96

0.59

0.41

 Galectin-3 (ng/ml)

4.89 ± 8.35

3.66 ± 6.6

0.7

0.67

Body composition

 BFM (kg)

36.44 ± 10.33

33.1 ± 10.8

0.01

0.06

 BFP (%)

42.15 ± 6.45

41.28 ± 5.15

0.03

0.06

 FFM

47.94 ± 5.44

46.34 ± 5.58

0.03

0.6

 FFMI

18.16 ± 1.58

17.85 ± 1.46

0.12

0.54

 FMI

13.89 ± 3.91

12.88 ± 3.14

0.04

0.001

 WC (cm)

101.03 ± 10.86

98.19 ± 9.62

0.03

0.52

 VFA (cm)

171.61 ± 42.64

159.94 ± 36.52

0.02

0.1

 ODP (%)

148.84 ± 23.6

142.36 ± 19

0.03

0.01

  1. N: 304; 1: Mean ± SD; BMI, Body mass index; TG, Triglyceride; HDL, High density lipoprotein; LDL, Low density lipoprotein; protein; TGF-β, Transforming growth factor β; Il-1β, Interleukin-1β; BFM, Body fat mass; BFP, Body fat percentage; FFM, Fat free mass; FFMI, Fat free mass index; FMI, Fat mass index; WC, Waist circumference; VFA, Visceral fat area; ODP, Obesity degree percentage
  2. *P-values are resulted from independent t sample test
  3. **P-value reported after adjusting total energy intake, physical activity and education with ANCOVA