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Table 3 Associations between physical activity and environment factor using unadjusted and adjusted linear mixed-effects regression models

From: An ecological momentary assessment study of physical activity behaviors among mothers of toddlers from low-income households

 

Unadjusted Modela

Adjusted Modelab

Between subject

Within subject

Between subject

Within subject

β

(95% CI)

p

β

(95% CI)

p

β

(95% CI)

p

β

(95% CI)

p

Television: off

146.41

(21.35, 271.47)

0.022

164.60

(130.25, 198.94)

 < .001

121.02

(− 6.83, 248.88)

0.063

164.81

(130.45, 199.17)

 < .001

Adults nearby: no

151.51

(31.24, 271.78,)

0.014

− 9.26

(− 44.92, 26.41)

0.611

164.79

(46.95, 282.63)

0.006

− 11.34

(47.31, 24.62)

0.536

Children nearby: no

40.54

(− 90.62, 171.70)

0.543

45.21

(6.06, 84.35)

0.024

41.50

(− 87.61, 170.62)

0.527

42.71

(3.43, 82.00)

0.033

Engaging with child: yes

− 25.68

(− 189.30, 137.94)

0.757

88.23

(50.79, 125.67.39)

 < .001

− 13.77

(− 180.45, 152.91)

0.871

90.15

(52.66, 127.63)

 < .001

Physical Location: Outside

202.42

(− 105.64, 510.48)

0.197

333.89

(276.52, 391.26)

 < .001

258.48

(− 45.50, 562.47)

0.095

335.21

(277.74, 392.67)

 < .001

  1. Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05)
  2. aNon-normalized activity counts are used in both models due to similarity to log-transformed activity counts
  3. bModel adjusted for maternal age, time of day, maternal BMI, recruitment location, and number of children