A rise in births following contraceptive failure in France between 2010 and 2016: results from the French national perinatal surveys

Table 3 Percentage of women experiencing a contraceptive failure by women’s sociodemographic characteristics

Characteristics	Contraceptive failure
	2010			2016
	N	%	P value	N	%	P value
Total	11,590	7.8		9703	10.0
Age, years
18–19	212	24.5	< 0.001	117	26.5	< 0.001
20–24	1671	14.2		1090	19.4
25–29	3943	6.1		3174	9.0
30–34	3665	5.6		3387	7.6
35–39	1746	7.2		1606	9.1
≥ 40	353	10.2		329	10.0
Parity
0	4812	6.3	< 0.001	3899	8.9	< 0.001
1	4164	5.9		3598	6.5
2	1688	10.8		1466	14.0
≥ 3	867	19.4		737	23.9
Cohabiting with a partner
Yes	10,832	6.9	< 0.001	8932	8.7	< 0.001
No	745	21.2		757	24.8
Country of birth
France	9855	7.1	< 0.001	8186	9.1	< 0.001
Other European country	376	7.4		354	9.3
North Africa	665	12.6		540	17.8
Sub-Saharan Africa	416	14.9		369	15.7
Other country	272	8.1		253	12.7
Level of education
Middle school or less	3036	12.8	< 0.001	2167	15.9	< 0.001
High school	2282	8.9		2068	11.7
Some college	2580	6.1		1888	8.7
College graduation	2109	4.4		1760	6.4
Post-graduate level	1541	3.8		1746	5.4
Health insurance at the beginning of pregnancy
National plan	10,181	6.7	< 0.001	8484	8.5	< 0.001
Insurance for low income/undocumented or no insurance	1391	15.5		1206	19.9
Monthly household resources
< 1000 euros	951	17.8	< 0.001	748	21.3	< 0.001
1000–1499	1077	13.4		770	19.0
1500–1999	1662	12.3		1191	14.2
2000–2999	3628	6.1		2767	10.0
3000 or more	4033	3.5		4092	4.8
Abortion history
0	9395	7.0	< 0.001	7894	9.1	< 0.001
1	1533	10.8		1269	13.6
2 or more	356	14.0		381	16.3
Pre-pregnancy chronic conditions^a
Yes	548	7.7	0.38	457	12.0	0.12
No	11,036	8.8		9235	9.8

^aIncluding diabetes, chronic hypertension, HIV, or any other chronic conditions requiring preconception care

ISSN: 1472-6874