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Table 3 Effect of BMI in subjects with, and without, PCOS: Reproductive hormones

From: Effect of body mass index (BMI) on phenotypic features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Singapore women: a prospective cross-sectional study

Variables

Patient category

BMI

Mean ± SD

Model A

Model B

Model C

Fold change

Adjusted difference (95% CI)

Fold change

Adjusted difference (95% CI)

Fold change

Adjusted difference (95% CI)

Testosterone (nmol/L)

Healthy

Normal

1.10 ± 0.05

1.0

Ref

    

High

1.12 ± 0.06

1.02

0.12 (− 0.12, 0.36)

1.0

Ref

  

PCOS

Normal

2.05 ± 0.08

1.86

0.86 (0.58, 1.15)***

1.83

0.74 (0.42, 1.07)***

1.0

Ref

High

2.06 ± 0.07

1.87

0.93 (0.66, 1.21)***

1.84

0.82 (0.52, 1.12)***

1.0

0.07 (− 0.27, 0.41)

ADT (nmol/L)

Healthy

Normal

7.77 ± 0.49

1.0

Ref

    

High

6.82 ± 0.59

0.88

− 0.01 (− 2.78, 2.76)

1.0

Ref

  

PCOS

Normal

11.64 ± 0.77

1.50

4.17 (0.91, 7.43)**

1.71

4.18 (0.47, 7.89)*

1.0

Ref

High

10.08 ± 0.71

1.30

2.40 (− 0.76, 5.57)

1.48

2.41 (− 1.03, 5.85)

0.87

− 1.77 (− 5.67, 2.14)

DHEAS (µmol/L)

Healthy

Normal

5.28 ± 0.18

1.0

Ref

    

High

4.93 ± 0.22

0.93

0.12 (− 0.80, 1.04)

1.0

Ref

  

PCOS

Normal

5.95 ± 0.29

1.13

0.76 (− 0.33, 1.84)

1.21

0.64 (− 0.60, 1.88)

1.0

Ref

High

6.23 ± 0.26

1.18

1.24 (0.19, 2.29)*

1.26

1.12 (− 0.03, 2.27)

1.05

0.48 (− 0.82, 1.78)

DHT (nmol/L)

Healthy

Normal

1.22 ± 0.08

1.0

Ref

    

High

1.38 ± 0.10

1.13

0.28 (− 0.19, 0.75)

1.0

Ref

  

PCOS

Normal

1.49 ± 0.13

1.22

0.13 (− 0.42, 0.68)

1.22

− 0.15 (− 0.78, 0.48)

1.0

Ref

High

1.84 ± 0.12

1.51

0.73 (0.19, 1.26)**

1.33

0.45 (− 0.14, 1.03)

1.23

0.59 (− 0.07, 1.25)

SHBG (nmol/L)

Healthy

Normal

67.36 ± 2.18

1.0

Ref

    

High

43. 56 ± 2.65

0.65

− 23.36 (− 34.59, − 12.14)**

1.0

Ref

  

PCOS

Normal

61.34 ± 3.44

0.91

− 9.08 (− 22.29, 4.14)

1.41

14.29 (− 0.80, 29.37)

1.0

Ref

High

32.04 ± 3.14

0.48

− 32.91 (− 45.73, − 20.08)***

0.74

− 9.54 (− 23.51, 4.43)

0.52

− 23.83 (− 39.68, − 7.98)***

FAI

Healthy

Normal

2.03 ± 0.29

1.0

Ref

    

High

3.48 ± 0.35

1.71

1.70*(0.21, 3.20)*

1.0

Ref

  

PCOS

Normal

4.19 ± 0.45

2.06

2.04 (0.30, 3.79)*

1.20

0.34 (− 1.66, 2.34)

1.0

Ref

High

9.45 ± 0.41

4.66

6.97 (5.28, 8.67)***

2.72

5.27 (3.42, 7.12)***

2.26

4.93 (2.84, 7.02)***

LH (IUL)

Healthy

Normal

4.74 ± 0.33

1.0

Ref

    

High

4.04 ± 0.39

0.85

− 0.77 (− 2.42, 0.87)

1.0

Ref

  

PCOS

Normal

9.13 ± 0.49

1.93

4.61 (2.69, 6.52)***

2.26

5.38 (3.22, 7.54)***

1.0

Ref

High

8.11 ± 0.45

1.71

2.02 (0.18, 3.86)*

2.01

2.79 (0.80, 4.79)**

0.89

− 2.58 (− 4.83, − 0.34)*

FSH (IUL)

Healthy

Normal

7.94 ± 0.19

1.0

Ref

    

High

6.88 ± 0.30

0.87

− 0.62 (− 1.61, 0.37)

1.0

Ref

  

PCOS

Normal

7.67 ± 0.23

0.97

− 0.69 (− 1.85, 0.47)

1.11

0.07 (− 1.40, 1.26)

1.0

Ref

High

6.29 ± 0.28

0.79

− 1.62 (− 2.75, − 0.49)**

0.91

1.00 (− 2.23, 0.23)

0.82

− 0.93 (− 2.32, 0.46)

Estradiol (pmol/L)

Healthy

Normal

175.03 ± 5.22

1.0

Ref

    

High

172.96 ± 6.28

0.99

2.26 (− 28.02, 32.53)

1.0

Ref

  

PCOS

Normal

168.85 ± 8.22

0.96

− 1.67 (− 37.73, 34.40)

0.98

− 3.92 (− 44.88, 37.03)

1.0

Ref

High

190.70 ± 7.46

1.09

23.18 (− 11.42, 57.79)

1.10

20.92 (− 16.67, 58.51)

1.13

24.85 (− 18.02, 67.71)

  1. ADT, androstenedione; DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate; DHT, dihydrotestosterone; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin; FAI, free androgen index; LH, luteinizing hormone; FSH, Follicle stimulating hormone
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