Association between intimate partner violence and the use of maternal health care services among married Malawian women

Table 2 Association of intimate partner violence and maternal health care services

	ANC visits	ANC timing	Institutional deliveries	Skilled assistance during delivery	PNC within 2 days after delivery
Variables	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)
Physical violence^a	0.75 (0.19–2.84)	1.04 (0.79–1.36)	0.73 (0.46–1.18)	0.79 (0.52–1.19)	0.89 (0.63–1.25)
Sexual violence^b	–^e	0.77 (0.56–1.06)	1.08 (0.64–1.82)	0.92 (0.59–1.45)	1.12 (0.75–1.66)
Emotional violence^c	0.26 (0.04–1.60)	1.03 (0.78–1.37)	0.76 (0.50–1.14)	0.72 (0.49–1.07)	1.07 (0.78–1.49)
IPV (composite)^d	0.32 (0.08–1.30)	0.89 (0.65–1.22)	0.66 (0.46–0.96)	0.64 (0.46–0.90)	0.92 (0.69–1.24)

Models were adjusted for woman’s age, women’s educational level, parity, household wealth, region, residence, media exposure, distance to nearest health facility, partner age, and partner educational level
IPV intimate partner violence, aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, ANC antenatal care, PNC postnatal care
^aReference; no physical violence
^bReference; no sexual violence
^cReference; no emotional violence
^dReference; no any violence experienced
^eThere were no samples in those who experienced sexual violence and those that had adequate ANC visits

ISSN: 1472-6874