Determination of the factors affecting sexual violence against women in Turkey: a population-based analysis

Alkan, Ömer; Tekmanlı, Hasan Hüseyin

doi:10.1186/s12905-021-01333-1

BMC Women's Health

Table 4 Estimated model results of the influential factors in women's exposure to sexual violence

From: Determination of the factors affecting sexual violence against women in Turkey: a population-based analysis

Variables	Binary logistic regression				Binary probit regression
	β	Std. Error	95% CI		β	Std. Error	95% CI
	β	Std. Error	Lower	Upper	β	Std. Error	Lower	Upper
Survey year (reference category: 2008)
2014	− 0.303^a	0.066	− 0.432	− 0.174	− 0.171^a	0.036	− 0.242	− 0.100
Region (reference category: TR1)
TR2/TR4	0.069	0.128	− 0.181	0.319	0.037	0.069	− 0.099	0.173
TR3	0.191	0.140	− 0.084	0.466	0.106	0.076	− 0.044	0.255
TR6	0.091	0.134	− 0.173	0.355	0.044	0.074	− 0.100	0.189
TR5/TR7	0.249^b	0.123	0.008	0.490	0.145^b	0.068	0.012	0.278
TR8/TR9	0.261^b	0.127	0.011	0.510	0.144^b	0.069	0.008	0.280
TRC	0.203	0.134	− 0.059	0.465	0.124	0.073	− 0.020	0.268
TRA/TRB	0.501^a	0.124	0.258	0.744	0.283^a	0.068	0.150	0.417
Place of residence (reference category: rural)
Urban	− 0.112^c	0.066	− 0.242	0.018	− 0.063^c	0.036	− 0.134	0.009
Age (reference category: 15–24 years)
25–34 years	− 0.236^c	0.127	− 0.484	0.013	− 0.122^c	0.069	− 0.257	0.012
35–44 years	− 0.305^b	0.136	− 0.571	− 0.038	− 0.162^b	0.074	− 0.308	− 0.016
45–54 years	− 0.085	0.143	− 0.365	0.195	− 0.039	0.077	− 0.190	0.113
55 + years	− 0.137	0.167	− 0.464	0.191	− 0.071	0.091	− 0.249	0.108
Level of education (reference category: university)
Illiterate	0.374^c	0.203	− 0.024	0.772	0.206^c	0.107	− 0.004	0.416
Elementary school graduate	0.266	0.188	− 0.102	0.634	0.151	0.098	− 0.041	0.343
Secondary school graduate	0.206	0.204	− 0.194	0.606	0.124	0.108	− 0.087	0.335
High school graduate	0.150	0.190	− 0.222	0.523	0.081	0.099	− 0.112	0.274
Employment (reference category: unemployed)
Employed	0.190^b	0.077	0.039	0.341	0.103^b	0.043	0.019	0.187
Marital status (reference category: widowed/divorced/separated)
Single	− 1.650^a	0.335	− 2.306	− 0.994	− 0.846^a	0.162	− 1.164	− 0.528
Married	− 0.422^a	0.105	− 0.628	− 0.216	− 0.246^a	0.060	− 0.364	− 0.129
Health condition (reference category: bad/very bad)
Perfect/good	− 0.293^a	0.090	− 0.469	− 0.116	− 0.161^a	0.050	− 0.259	− 0.063
Not bad	− 0.225^a	0.081	− 0.383	− 0.066	− 0.123^a	0.046	− 0.213	− 0.033
Number of children (reference category: no children)
One child	− 0.279^c	0.151	− 0.574	0.016	− 0.150^c	0.080	− 0.307	0.006
Two or more children	0.016	0.136	− 0.251	0.283	0.007	0.073	− 0.136	0.149
Exposure to first-degree relative violence (reference category: no)
Yes	0.307^a	0.085	0.141	0.473	0.176^a	0.048	0.081	0.270
Husband/partner's level of education (reference category: elementary school)
Illiterate	0.438^a	0.138	0.168	0.707	0.236^a	0.077	0.085	0.386
Secondary school graduate	− 0.053	0.092	− 0.234	0.127	− 0.024	0.051	− 0.125	0.076
High school graduate	− 0.202^b	0.092	− 0.383	− 0.022	− 0.115^b	0.050	− 0.213	− 0.016
University graduate	− 0.127	0.140	− 0.401	0.147	− 0.078	0.075	− 0.225	0.068
Husband/partner's employment status (reference category: public sector)
Unemployed	0.308^b	0.119	0.075	0.541	0.176^a	0.065	0.048	0.303
Private sector	0.106	0.103	− 0.097	0.309	0.058	0.056	− 0.051	0.167
Husband/partner's alcohol usage (reference category: no)
Yes	0.069	0.077	− 0.082	0.220	0.036	0.043	− 0.048	0.119
Husband/partner's gambling history (reference category: no)
Yes	0.216	0.156	− 0.089	0.521	0.146	0.091	− 0.033	0.325
Husband/partner’s drug usage (reference category: no)
Yes	0.730^a	0.281	0.179	1.281	0.435^a	0.167	0.108	0.762
Husband/partner's infidelity (reference category: no)
Yes	0.493^a	0.085	0.327	0.660	0.299^a	0.050	0.202	0.397
Exposure to economic violence (reference category: no)
Yes	0.728^a	0.065	0.601	0.855	0.402^a	0.036	0.332	0.473
Exposure to verbal abuse (reference category: no)
Yes	1.394^a	0.086	1.226	1.563	0.710^a	0.042	0.628	0.792
Exposure to physical violence (reference category: no)
Yes	1.450^a	0.082	1.289	1.611	0.766^a	0.041	0.686	0.846
Constant	− 3.550^a	0.316	− 4.169	− 2.932	− 1.914^a	0.167	− 2.242	− 1.586

^ap < 0.01, ^bp < 0.05, ^cp < 0.10; Std. Error: Standard Error; CI: Confidence Interval

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