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Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios* of last year physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence and women's and men’s individual indicators of economic empowerment among women aged 15 to 49, nationally (n = 68,426) and in urban (n = 18,981) and rural (n = 49,445) sites

From: Economic empowerment and intimate partner violence: a secondary data analysis of the cross-sectional Demographic Health Surveys in Sub-Saharan Africa

 

All

All

Urban

Urban

Rural

Rural

OR

95 CI

AOR

95 CI

OR

95 CI

AOR

95 CI

OR

95 CI

AOR

95% CI

Household wealth (Ref: Middle)

            

Poorer

0.91**

[0.85,0.97]

0.95

[0.89,1.01]

1.07

[0.87,1.32]

1.15

[0.93,1.42]

0.90**

[0.84,0.96]

0.96

[0.90,1.03]

Richer

0.84***

[0.78,0.90]

0.89**

[0.83,0.96]

0.84*

[0.72,0.98]

0.92

[0.78,1.09]

0.87***

[0.80,0.95]

0.88**

[0.81,0.95]

Woman’s Age

(ref: 15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24)

            

25–34

1.04

[0.98,1.10]

1.08*

[1.01,1.15]

0.85*

[0.76,0.96]

0.94

[0.81,1.10]

1.12***

[1.05,1.19]

1.12***

[1.05,1.20]

35–49

0.89***

[0.83,0.95]

0.97

[0.88,1.06]

0.67***

[0.57,0.78]

0.77*

[0.62,0.96]

0.98

[0.91,1.05]

1.04

[0.95,1.15]

Men’s age (ref: 15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24)

            

25–34

0.77***

[0.74,0.81]

0.84***

[0.79,0.90]

0.67***

[0.60,0.74]

0.79***

[0.69,0.91]

0.82***

[0.78,0.87]

0.86***

[0.81,0.92]

35–49

0.66***

[0.60,0.73]

0.77***

[0.69,0.86]

0.59***

[0.48,0.73]

0.70**

[0.55,0.89]

0.69***

[0.62,0.76]

0.79***

[0.70,0.89]

Woman’s educational level (Ref: Primary)

            

None

0.51***

[0.48,0.54]

0.75***

[0.70,0.81]

0.51***

[0.44,0.60]

0.62***

[0.53,0.73]

0.51***

[0.47,0.54]

0.78***

[0.72,0.84]

Secondary

0.73***

[0.68,0.77]

0.85***

[0.80,0.92]

0.71***

[0.64,0.79]

0.83**

[0.73,0.94]

0.76***

[0.71,0.82]

0.85***

[0.78,0.93]

Higher

0.31***

[0.26,0.37]

0.49***

[0.40,0.60]

0.32***

[0.26,0.40]

0.52***

[0.40,0.67]

0.31***

[0.23,0.43]

0.47***

[0.33,0.66]

Man’s educational level (Ref: Primary)

            

None

0.51***

[0.47,0.54]

0.80***

[0.74,0.86]

0.58***

[0.48,0.69]

0.91

[0.76,1.10]

0.50***

[0.46,0.53]

0.77***

[0.71,0.84]

Secondary

0.84***

[0.79,0.88]

0.93*

[0.87,0.99]

0.83**

[0.74,0.93]

0.85*

[0.75,0.96]

0.86***

[0.81,0.92]

0.95

[0.88,1.02]

Higher

0.43***

[0.39,0.49]

0.65***

[0.57,0.74]

0.41***

[0.35,0.49]

0.54***

[0.44,0.66]

0.51***

[0.43,0.61]

0.79*

[0.66,0.96]

Woman worked in the last 12 months (Ref: no)

1.20***

[1.14,1.27]

1.31***

[1.24,1.38]

1.08

[0.97,1.20]

1.42***

[1.27,1.60]

1.25***

[1.18,1.33]

1.29***

[1.21,1.37]

Man worked in the last 12 months (Ref: no)

0.97

[0.89,1.05]

1.09

[1.00,1.19]

0.79*

[0.64,0.98]

0.87

[0.69,1.09]

1.02

[0.93,1.11]

1.14**

[1.04,1.26]

  1. Exponentiated coefficients; 95% confidence intervals in brackets; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
  2. * Adjusted for all other variables in the table