Table 1 Factors associated with having xerostomia, taste disturbance, burning mouth and two or more oral sensory complaints (univariate analysis)

Characteristics

Age

mean ± SD

48.7 ± 4.7

49.2 ± 3

48.3 ± 5.8

0.92

48.9 ± 5.2

48.3 ± 2.9

0.25

48.5 ± 5.1

49.2 ± 3.4

0.89

48.5 ± 5.4

49.3 ± 2.8

BMI

mean ± SD

22.3 ± 3.7

22.6 ± 3.6

21.9 ± 3.9

0.34

21.9 ± 3.9

23.2 ± 3.4

0.17

21.6 ± 3.2

23.8 ± 4.5

0.08

21.6 ± 3.4

23.5 ± 4.2

Married

n (%)

31 (72.1)

17 (81.0)

14 (63.6)

0.21

23 (74.2)

8 (66.7)

0.45

23 (76.7)

8 (61.5)

0.26

22 (78.6)

9 (60.0)

Children

n (%)

12 (27.9)

4 (19.0)

8 (36.4)

0.21

8 (25.8)

4 (33.3)

0.45

6 (20.0)

6 (46.2)

0.09

6 (21.4)

6 (40.0)

Job

n (%)

36 (83.7)

19 (90.5)

17 (77.3)

0.23

25 (80.6)

11 (91.7)

0.36

25 (83.3)

11 (84.6)

0.65

24 (85.7)

12 (80.0)

Smoking

n (%)

1 (2.3)

0 (0.0)

1 (4.5)

0.51

1 (3.2)

0 (0.0)

0.72

0 (0.0)

1 (7.7)

0.30

0 (0.0)

1 (6.7)

Medical history

Hypertension

n (%)

5 (11.6)

3 (14.3)

2 (9.1)

0.48

4 (12.9)

1 (8.3)

0.57

3 (10.0)

2 (15.4)

0.48

3 (10.7)

2 (13.3)

Psychosis

n (%)

5 (11.6)

1 (4.8)

4 (18.2)

0.19

3 (9.7)

2 (16.7)

0.43

1 (3.3)

4 (30.8)

0.02

1 (3.6)

4 (26.7)

Medication

Number of drugs

mean ± SD

2.2 ± 4.4

0.7 ± 1.1

3.6 ± 5.7

0.07

1.5 ± 3.2

3.9 ± 6.3

0.04

1.3 ± 3.1

4.1 ± 6.2

0.04

0.8 ± 1.8

4.7 ± 6.4

CNS agent

n (%)

7 (16.3)

2 (9.5)

5 (23.8)

0.21

3 (10.0)

4 (33.3)

0.09

2 (6.7)

5 (41.7)

0.01

1 (3.6)

6 (42.9)

Antihypertensive

n (%)

3 (7.0)

1 (4.8)

2 (9.5)

0.50

2 (6.7)

1 (8.3)

0.65

1 (3.3)

2 (16.7)

0.19

1 (3.6)

2 (14.3)

Adverse effect of medication

Xerostomia

n (%)

15 (34.9)

7 (33.3)

8 (38.1)

0.75

8 (26.7)

7 (58.3)

0.06

8 (26.7)

7 (58.3)

0.06

6 (21.4)

9 (64.3)

Taste disturbance

n (%)

10 (23.3)

5 (23.8)

5 (23.8)

1.00

8 (26.7)

2 (16.7)

0.4

7 (23.3)

3 (25.0)

0.60

6 (21.4)

4 (28.6)

Burning mouth

n (%)

1 (2.3)

0 (0.0)

1 (4.8)

0.31

0 (0.0)

1 (8.3)

0.29

1 (3.3)

0 (0.0)

0.71

0 (0.0)

1 (7.1)

Sleep

Sleeping duration (min)

mean ± SD

356.7 ± 82.7

346.2 ± 55.5

366.8 ± 102.6

0.39

349.4 ± 88.5

375.8 ± 64.9

0.17

348 ± 85.8

376.9 ± 74.3

0.08

349.3 ± 84.1

370.7 ± 80.9

Lach of sleeping time

n (%)

18 (41.9)

8 (38.1)

10 (45.5)

0.62

13 (41.9)

5 (41.7)

0.99

14 (46.7)

4 (30.8)

0.33

12 (42.9)

6 (40.0)

Quarity of sleeping

n (%)

19 (44.2)

8 (38.1)

11 (50.0)

0.43

13 (41.9)

6 (50.0)

0.63

13 (43.3)

6 (46.2)

0.86

12 (42.9)

7 (46.7)

Quarity of life

SDS total

mean ± SD

42.3 ± 9.7

38.9 ± 8.6

45.6 ± 9.7

0.05

41.4 ± 9.5

44.7 ± 10.3

0.24

41.5 ± 10

44.2 ± 9.1

0.45

40.9 ± 9.7

45.1 ± 9.4

PCS

mean ± SD

47.6 ± 10.3

49.4 ± 8.2

45.9 ± 11.9

0.22

48.4 ± 9.4

45.5 ± 12.5

0.46

47.5 ± 9.5

47.7 ± 12.3

0.83

49.2 ± 7.3

44.6 ± 14.2

MCS

mean ± SD

45.0 ± 9.7

49.4 ± 7.6

40.8 ± 9.8

 < 0.001

46.9 ± 8.8

40 ± 10.7

0.05

47.2 ± 9

39.7 ± 9.7

0.03

47.9 ± 8.3

39.4 ± 10.1

RCS

mean ± SD

50.6 ± 11.3

53.8 ± 7.2

47.6 ± 13.7

0.23

51.9 ± 9.4

47.2 ± 15.1

0.43

49.9 ± 12

52.2 ± 9.6

0.62

51.2 ± 10

49.5 ± 13.7

Threaten of cancer

n (%)

37 (86.0)

18 (85.7)

19 (86.4)

 < 0.001

27 (87.1)

10 (83.3)

0.55

25 (83.3)

12 (92.3)

0.40

25 (89.3)

12 (80.0)

Menopause

Menopause

n (%)

17 (39.5)

7 (33.3)

10 (45.5)

0.31

15 (48.4)

2 8(16.7)

0.06

11 (36.7)

6 (46.2)

0.40

11 (39.3)

6 (40.0)

Treatment of menopausal symptom

n (%)

5 (11.6)

1 (4.8)

4 (18.2)

0.19

2 (6.5)

3 (25.0)

0.12

4 (13.3)

1 (7.7)

0.52

2 (7.1)

3 (20.0)

Number of menopausal symptom

mean ± SD

11.3 ± 5.0

8.6 ± 4.0

13.9 ± 4.4

 < 0.001

10.2 ± 4.3

14.2 ± 5.6

0.02

10.3 ± 4.3

13.7 ± 5.7

0.04

9.3 ± 3.8

15.1 ± 4.8

Hot flashes of face or upper body

n (%)

23 (53.5)

11 (52.4)

12 (54.5)

0.89

15 (48.4)

8 (66.7)

0.28

18 (60.0)

5 (38.5)

0.19

14 (50.0)

9 (60.0)

Sweat easily

n (%)

29 (67.4)

14 (66.7)

15 (68.2)

0.92

20 (64.5)

9 (75.0)

0.39

20 (66.7)

9 (69.2)

0.58

17 (60.7)

12 (80.0)

Unable to fall asleep at night

n (%)

14 (32.6)

7 (33.3)

7 (31.8)

0.92

8 (25.8)

6 (50.0)

0.13

8 (26.7)

6 (46.2)

0.18

6 (21.4)

8 (53.3)

Fall asleep but often awake at night

n (%)

23 (53.5)

8 (38.1)

15 (68.2)

0.05

13 (41.9)

10 (83.3)

0.01

13 (43.3)

10 (76.9)

0.04

11 (39.3)

12 (80.0)

Easily excitable, often irritable

n (%)

29 (67.4)

10 (47.6)

19 (86.4)

0.01

19 (61.3)

10 (83.3)

0.15

19 (63.3)

10 (76.9)

0.31

17 (60.7)

12 (80.0)

Always anxious

n (%)

22 (51.2)

5 (23.8)

17 (77.3)

 < 0.001

13 (41.9)

9 (75.0)

0.05

13 (43.3)

9 (69.2)

0.12

10 (35.7)

12 (80.0)

Worry about minor things

n (%)

26 (60.5)

8 (38.1)

18 (81.8)

 < 0.001

18 (58.1)

8 (66.7)

0.44

16 (53.3)

10 (76.9)

0.15

14 (50.0)

12 (80.0)

Worry and often become depressed

n (%)

23 (53.5)

4 (19.0)

19 (86.4)

 < 0.001

14 (45.2)

9 (75.0)

0.08

15 (50.0)

8 (61.5)

0.49

11 (39.3)

12 (80.0)

Lack of energy, easily tired

n (%)

25 (58.1)

7 (33.3)

18 (81.8)

 < 0.001

16 (51.6)

9 (75.0)

0.16

15 (50.0)

10 (76.9)

0.10

12 (42.9)

13 (86.7)

Tired feeling of eyes

n (%)

38 (88.4)

16 (76.2)

22 (100.0)

0.02

27 (87.1)

11 (91.7)

0.57

25 (83.3)

13 (100.0)

0.15

23 (82.1)

15 (100.0)

Forgetful

n (%)

29 (67.4)

13 (61.9)

16 (72.7)

0.45

21 (67.7)

8 (66.7)

0.61

19 (63.3)

10 (76.9)

0.31

18 (64.3)

11 (73.3)

Dizziness

n (%)

17 (39.5)

7 (33.3)

10 (45.5)

0.42

9 (29.0)

8 (66.7)

0.03

11 (36.7)

6 (46.2)

0.56

8 (28.6)

9 (60.0)

Heart pounds quickly

n (%)

15 (34.9)

3 (14.3)

12 (54.5)

0.01

10 (32.3)

5 (41.7)

0.41

8 (26.7)

7 (53.8)

0.09

6 (21.4)

9 (60.0)

Tight feeling of chest

n (%)

7 (16.3)

2 (9.5)

5 (22.7)

0.23

3 (9.7)

4 (33.3)

0.08

3 (10.0)

4 (30.8)

0.11

4 (14.3)

3 (20.0)

Headaches

n (%)

25 (58.1)

9 (42.9)

16 (72.7)

0.05

16 (51.6)

9 (75.0)

0.16

16 (53.3)

9 (69.2)

0.33

13 (46.4)

12 (80.0)

Shoulder or neck stiffness

n (%)

39 (90.7)

20 (95.2)

19 (86.4)

0.32

29 (93.5)

10 (83.3)

0.31

27 (90.0)

12 (92.3)

0.65

25 (89.3)

14 (93.3)

Back or low back pain

n (%)

29 (67.4)

13 (61.9)

16 (72.7)

0.45

19 (61.3)

10 (83.3)

0.15

19 (63.3)

10 (76.9)

0.31

17 (60.7)

12 (80.0)

Joint of hands and feet painful

n (%)

21 (48.8)

9 (42.9)

12 (54.5)

0.44

13 (41.9)

8 (66.7)

0.15

13 (43.3)

8 (61.5)

0.27

11 (39.3)

10 (66.7)

Coldness

n (%)

28 (65.1)

8 (38.1)

20 (90.9)

 < 0.001

19 (61.3)

9 (75.0)

0.32

18 (60.0)

10 (76.9)

0.24

14 (50.0)

14 (93.3)

Numbness of hands and feet

n (%)

14 (32.6)

6 (28.6)

8 (36.4)

0.59

7 (22.6)

7 (58.3)

0.03

8 (26.7)

6 (46.2)

0.18

6 (21.4)

8 (53.3)

Recently sensitive to sound

n (%)

12 (27.9)

1 (4.8)

11 (50.0)

 < 0.001

8 (25.8)

4 (33.3)

0.45

6 (20.0)

6 (46.2)

0.09

4 (14.3)

8 (53.3)

Oral symptom

Xerostomia

n (%)

22 (51.2)

–

–

–

14 (45.2)

8 (66.7)

0.21

13 (43.3)

9 (69.2)

0.12

9 (32.1)

13 (86.7)

Taste disturbance

n (%)

12 (27.9)

4 (19.0)

8 (36.4)

0.21

–

–

–

6 (20.0)

6 (46.2)

0.09

2 (7.1)

10 (66.7)

Burning mouth

n (%)

13 (30.2)

4 (19.0)

9 (40.9)

0.08

7 (22.6)

6 (50.0)

0.09

–

–

–

2 (7.1)

11 (73.3)

Unstimulated saliva (mL/min)

mean ± SD

0.3 ± 0.2

0.4 ± 0.2

0.2 ± 0.2

 < 0.001

0.4 ± 0.2

0.2 ± 0.1

0.02

0.4 ± 0.2

0.2 ± 0.2

0.03

0.4 ± 0.2

0.2 ± 0.2

Stimulated saliva (g)

mean ± SD

3.4 ± 2.0

3.4 ± 1.5

3.4 ± 2.4

0.87

3.7 ± 2.2

2.9 ± 1.6

0.38

3.6 ± 2.1

3.1 ± 1.9

0.84

3.7 ± 2.2

3 ± 1.8

TCI

mean ± SD

23.5 ± 14.8

23.8 ± 13.4

23.2 ± 16.3

0.99

26.3 ± 14.1

16.2 ± 14.7

0.04

26.3 ± 14.1

17.1 ± 15

0.04

26.6 ± 12.8

17.8 ± 17