Clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with late stage cervical cancer diagnosis in Botswana

BMC Women's Health

Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of the study population by early- versus late-stage cervical cancer diagnosis

Variable	Study population		Early stage		Late stage		P-value**
Variable	N	%	N	%	N	%	P-value**
	984	100	501	50.9	440	44.7
Age category
< 30	13	1.3	7	1.4	6	1.4	0.88
≥ 30–40	188	19.1	98	19.6	83	18.9
≥ 40–50	369	37.5	191	38.2	159	36.1
≥ 50–60	183	18.6	98	19.6	83	18.9
≥ 60–70	148	15.1	66	13.2	70	15.9
≥ 70	82	8.3	40	8.0	39	8.9
Residence
Rural	775	79.0	390	78.0	359	81.8	0.15
Urban	206	21.0	110	22.0	80	18.2
Marital status
Never married/single	646	65.7	315	63.0	307	69.8	0.08
Married	226	23.0	124	24.8	89	20.2
Divorced	13	1.3	10	2.0	3	0.7
Widowed	98	10.0	51	10.2	41	9.3
Previous cervical cancer screening
Never screened	400	42.6	177	36.8	205	49.2	< 0.001*
Screened	539	57.4	304	63.2	212	50.8
Visit with a natural/traditional healer
No	845	89.9	443	90.8	378	88.3	0.22
Yes	95	10.1	45	9.2	50	11.7
HIV
Negative	293	30.3	154	31.2	128	29.6	0.59
Positive	674	69.7	340	68.8	305	70.4
FIGO stage
I	166	17.6	166	33.1	–	–	–
II	335	35.6	335	66.9	–	–
III	350	37.2	–	–	350	79.5
IV	90	9.6	–	–	90	20.5
Pathology
SCC	835	87.3	422	86.1	384	89.7	0.29
Adenocarcinoma	66	6.9	41	8.4	22	5.1
Invasive ductal	4	0.4	1	0.2	3	0.7
Other	40	4.2	20	4.1	15	3.5
Unknown/other	12	1.2	6	1.2	4	0.9
Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Not reported	264	26.8	169	33.7	78	17.7	< 0.001*
Reported	720	73.2	332	66.3	362	82.3

ISSN: 1472-6874