Clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with late stage cervical cancer diagnosis in Botswana

Table 4 Clinical and demographic characteristics of the study population by HIV status

Variable	HIV negative		HIV positive		p-value
Variable	N	%	N	%	p-value
	293	30.3	674	69.7
Age categories
< 30	2	0.7	11	1.6	< 0.001*
≥ 30–40	23	7.9	165	24.5
≥ 40–50	44	15.1	324	48.1
≥ 50–60	60	20.5	119	17.7
≥ 60–70	98	33.6	47	7.0
≥ 70	65	22.3	8	1.2
Residence
Rural	250	85.3	511	76.0	< 0.001*
Urban	43	14.7	161	24.0
Marital status
Never married/single	140	47.8	498	74.0	< 0.001*
Married	91	31.1	132	19.6
Divorced	3	1.0	9	1.3
Widowed	59	20.1	34	5.1
Previous cervical cancer screening
Never screened	143	51.6	248	38.2	< 0.001*
Screened	134	48.4	401	61.8
Visit with a traditional healer
No	250	87.7	599	90.9	0.140
Yes	35	12.3	60	9.1
FIGO Stage
I	48	17.0	115	17.8	0.83
II	106	37.6	225	34.9
III	100	35.5	245	38.0
IV	28	9.9	60	9.3
Pathology
SCC	239	83.9	583	88.9	0.022*
Adenocarcinoma	31	10.9	33	5.0
Invasive ductal	1	0.4	3	0.5
Other	9	3.2	30	4.6
Vascular invasion	0	0	1	0.2
Unknown	5	1.8	6	0.9
Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Not reported	68	23.2	192	28.5	0.089
Reported	225	76.8	482	71.5
CD4
< 250 cells/mm³	–	–	117	21.4	–
≥ 250 cells/mm³	–	–	429	78.6
ART
No	–	–	25	3.8	–
Yes	–	–	640	96.2