Table 2 Overview of study measures to determine (non-)adherence to the lifestyle and body weight recommendations of the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) [1, 2], as well as the recommendation for sleep of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society (AASM&SRS) [16]
Lifestyle and bodyweight recommendations | Operationalization of recommendation | Measurement instrument used to assess recommendation |
|---|---|---|
Weight [1] | BMI between 18.5 and 24.9Â kg/m2Waist circumference below 80Â cm | Standardized questions weight and height Self-administered hip- and waist circumference measurement |
Physical activity [1] | At least 150Â min of low intensity exercise during 1Â week, spread over several days At least 2 times a week muscle and bone strengthening exercises Prevent sitting too much and limit sedentary behavior | Questionnaire: The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) [42] Actigraph (7Â days): average acceleration (AvAcc), intensity gradient (IG), total minutes light, moderate and vigorous physical activity per day, total minutes of inactive time per day, most active continuous 30Â min (M30) per day.(randomized at hospital level) [46] |
Wholegrains, vegetables, fruit and beans [1] | Eat at least 250Â g of vegetables each day Eat at least 2 pieces of fruit each day Eat beans at least once a week Eat at least 30Â g of wholegrains each day | Questionnaire: Dutch Healthy Eating Index [54] Online 3Â day Food diary (randomized at hospital level) |
Fast foods [1] | Limit consumption of processed foods high in fat, starches or sugar—including fast foods: any pre-prepared dishes, snacks, bakery foods, deserts, and confectionary (candy) | Questionnaire: Dutch Healthy Eating Index [54] Online 3 day Food diary (randomized at hospital level) |
Meat products [1] | Eat no more than 350 to 500Â g of red or processed meat per week | Questionnaire: Dutch Healthy Eating Index [54] Online 3Â day Food diary (randomized at hospital level) |
Sugary drinks [1] | Drink mostly water and unsweetened drinks | Questionnaire: Dutch Healthy Eating Index [54] Online 3Â day Food diary randomized at hospital level) |
Alcoholic drinks [1] | Drink no alcohol | Standardized questions alcohol consumption |
Smoking [2] | Do not smoke | Standardized smoking questions |
Sleep [16] | Sleep at least 7 h per night | Questionnaire: Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index [55] Actigraph (7 days): sleep latency, sleep efficiency, daytime sleep, frequency of long sleep interruptions (> 5 min), total minutes of sleep per night (randomized at hospital level) [46] |