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Table 2 Demographic characteristics and comorbidity profile for women diagnosed with HCV in BC in 2019, who did not progress to the next stage of HCV care

From: Women in the 2019 hepatitis C cascade of care: findings from the British Columbia Hepatitis Testers cohort study

 

Anti-HCV positive

 

Not HCV RNA tested

 

Not genotyped

Women

Men

 

Women

Men

 

Women

 

n

%

n

%

p-value

n

%

n

%

p-value

n

%

Total

19,522

100

33,116

100

 

2725

100

5763

100

 

1068

100

Birth Cohort

<1945

974

5

1151

3.48

<0.001

188

6.9

256

4.44

<0.001

65

6.09

1945-1964

10,046

51.46

19,797

59.78

 

1345

49.36

3382

58.68

 

408

38.2

1965-1974

4162

21.32

7374

22.27

 

670

24.59

1440

24.99

 

235

22

≥1975

4340

22.23

4794

14.48

 

522

19.16

685

11.89

 

360

33.71

Ethnicity

East Asian

1045

5.35

1128

3.41

<0.001

181

6.64

190

3.3

<0.001

46

4.31

South Asian

872

4.47

1283

3.87

 

69

2.53

128

2.22

 

28

2.62

Other BC Residents

17,605

90.2

30,705

92.72

 

2475

90.82

5445

94.48

 

994

93.07

Material deprivation quintile

Q1 (most privileged)

2622

13.43

4912

14.83

<0.001

328

12.04

777

13.48

0.034

124

11.61

Q2

2985

15.29

5018

15.15

 

383

14.06

812

14.09

 

134

12.55

Q3

3557

18.22

5851

17.67

 

472

17.32

905

15.7

 

199

18.63

Q4

4407

22.57

7025

21.21

 

629

23.08

1165

20.22

 

222

20.79

Q5 (most deprived)

5391

27.61

8972

27.09

 

722

26.5

1474

25.58

 

344

32.21

Unknown

560

2.87

1338

4.04

 

191

7.01

630

10.93

 

45

4.21

Social deprivation quintile

Q1 (most privileged)

2351

12.04

3643

11

<0.001

298

10.94

537

9.32

0.013

111

10.39

Q2

2337

11.97

3955

11.94

 

319

11.71

612

10.62

 

111

10.39

Q3

2992

15.33

4791

14.47

 

393

14.42

751

13.03

 

158

14.79

Q4

4332

22.19

6877

20.77

 

615

22.57

1181

20.49

 

217

20.32

Q5 (most deprived)

6950

35.6

12,512

37.78

 

909

33.36

2052

35.61

 

426

39.89

Unknown

560

2.87

1338

4.04

 

191

7.01

630

10.93

 

45

4.21

Urbanicity

Rural

2525

12.93

4396

13.27

0.077

303

11.12

646

11.21

0.453

105

9.83

Urban

16,683

85.46

27,699

83.64

 

2247

82.46

4531

78.62

 

930

87.08

Unknown

314

1.61

1021

3.08

 

175

6.42

586

10.17

 

33

3.09

History of Injection Drug Use

Yes

7265

37.21

11,005

33.23

<0.001

768

28.18

1391

24.14

<0.001

469

43.91

No

12,257

62.79

22,111

66.77

 

1957

71.82

4372

75.86

 

599

56.09

History of Opioid use*

Yes

4556

62.71

6370

57.88

<0.001

402

47.66

688

49.46

0.200

279

59.49

No

2709

37.29

4635

42.12

 

366

52.34

703

50.54

 

190

40.51

History of stimulant use*

Yes

4327

59.56

6023

54.73

<0.001

389

50.65

706

50.75

0.963

275

58.64

No

2938

40.44

4982

45.27

 

379

49.35

685

49.25

 

194

41.36

Problematic Alcohol Use

Yes

4952

25.37

8809

26.6

0.002

510

18.72

1172

20.34

0.080

263

24.63

No/Unknown

14,570

74.63

24,307

73.4

 

2215

81.28

4591

79.66

 

805

75.37

Major Mental Health Diagnosis

Yes

7379

37.8

9527

28.77

<0.001

733

26.9

1101

19.1

<0.001

386

36.14

No/Unknown

12,143

62.2

23,589

71.23

 

1992

73.1

4662

80.9

 

682

63.86

HBV Coinfection

Yes

905

4.64

1968

5.94

0.288

183

6.72

395

6.85

0.933

41

3.84

No/Unknown

18,617

95.36

31,148

94.05

 

2542

93.29

5368

93.14

 

1027

96.16

HIV/AIDS Coinfection

Yes

565

2.89

1826

5.51

<0.001

61

2.24

200

3.47

0.014

27

2.53

No/Unknown

18,957

97.11

31,290

94.48

 

2664

97.76

5563

96.53

 

1041

97.47

Cirrhosis

Yes

807

4.13

1474

4.45

0.084

55

2.02

115

2

0.944

27

2.53

No/Unknown

18,715

95.87

31,642

95.55

 

2670

97.98

5648

98

 

1041

97.47

Decompensated Cirrhosis

Yes

468

2.4

776

2.34

0.694

45

1.65

78

1.35

0.284

23

2.15

No/Unknown

19,054

97.6

32,340

97.66

 

2680

98.35

5685

98.65

 

1045

97.85

 

Not Genotyped

 

Not treatment initiated

 

Men

 

Women

Men

 

n

%

p-value

n

%

n

%

p-value

Total

1923

100

 

3252

100

6188

100

 

Birth Cohort

<1945

75

3.9

<0.001

183

5.63

195

3.15

<0.001

1945-1964

953

49.56

 

1332

40.96

3038

49.1

 

1965-1974

507

26.37

 

778

23.92

1671

27

 

≥1975

388

20.18

 

959

29.49

1284

20.75

 

Ethnicity

East Asian

65

3.38

0.621

117

3.6

124

2

<0.001

South Asian

55

2.86

 

126

3.87

207

3.35

 

Other BC Residents

1803

93.76

 

3009

92.53

5857

94.65

 

Material Deprivation Quintile

Q1 (most privileged)

244

12.69

0.825

437

13.44

891

14.4

0.417

Q2

236

12.27

 

457

14.05

795

12.85

 

Q3

329

17.11

 

522

16.05

1009

16.31

 

Q4

395

20.54

 

720

22.14

1348

21.78

 

Q5 (most deprived)

613

31.88

 

1027

31.58

1957

31.63

 

Unknown

106

5.51

 

89

2.74

188

3.04

 

Social Deprivation Quintile

Q1 (most privileged)

189

9.83

0.946

335

10.3

587

9.49

0.064

Q2

203

10.56

 

331

10.18

648

10.47

 

Q3

267

13.88

 

478

14.7

809

13.07

 

Q4

377

19.6

 

653

20.08

1208

19.52

 

Q5 (most deprived)

781

40.61

 

1366

42

2748

44.41

 

Unknown

106

5.51

 

89

2.74

188

3.04

 

Urbanicity

Rural

209

10.87

0.305

396

12.18

702

11.34

0.285

Urban

1626

84.56

 

2815

86.56

5361

86.64

 

Unknown

88

4.58

 

41

1.26

125

2.02

 

History of Injection Drug Use

Yes

714

37.13

0.003

1619

49.78

2780

44.93

<0.001

No

1209

62.87

 

1633

50.22

3408

55.07

 

History of Opioid use*

Yes

380

53.22

0.034

1081

66.77

1656

59.57

<0.001

No

334

46.78

 

538

33.23

1124

40.43

 

History of stimulant use*

Yes

399

54.34

0.146

1036

63.99

1580

56.83

<0.001

No

326

45.66

 

583

36.01

1200

43.17

 

Problematic Alcohol Use

Yes

540

28.08

0.041

985

30.29

2051

33.14

0.005

No/Unknown

1383

71.92

 

2267

69.71

4137

66.86

 

Major Mental Health Diagnosis

Yes

567

29.49

0.002

1373

42.22

2105

34.02

<0.001

No/Unknown

1356

70.51

 

1879

57.78

4083

65.98

 

HBV Coinfection

Yes

82

4.26

0.729

172

5.29

266

4.3

0.084

No/Unknown

1841

95.74

 

3080

94.71

5922

95.7

 

HIV/AIDS Coinfection

Yes

43

2.24

0.793

167

5.14

313

5.06

0.971

No/Unknown

1880

97.77

 

3085

94.87

5875

94.94

 

Cirrhosis

Yes

46

2.39

0.817

88

2.71

185

2.99

0.435

No/Unknown

1877

97.61

 

3164

97.29

6003

97.01

 

Decompensated Cirrhosis

Yes

30

1.56

0.239

63

1.94

112

1.81

0.663

No/Unknown

1893

98.44

 

3189

98.06

6076

98.19

 
  1. CI confidence interval, HR Hazard ratio. Multivariable analysis included adjustment for sex, Dukes class for test series and TNM4-stage for validation series, differentiation grade (G1–2 vs. G3–4), and age (as continuous). Age and TNM-stage/Dukes-classification also remained as independent predictors of prognosis in the multivariable mode