Table 2 Multilevel logistic regression analysis of individual and community-level factors associated with wife-beating acceptance among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016 (n = 15,683)

Age in years

15–19

1

20–24

1.0 (0.8, 1.2)

1.0 (0.8, 1.2)

1.0 (0.8, 1.2)

25–29

1.1 (.9, 1.4)

0.9 (0.7, 1.2)

1.0 (0.8, 1.2)

30–34

1.3 (1.1, 1.5)

1.0 (0.7, 1.2)

1.0 (0.8, 1.3)

35–39

1.2 (1.0 1.5)

0.9 (0.7, 1.2)

1.0 (0.7, 1.3)

40–44

1.3 (1.1, 1.6)

1.0 (0.7, 1.3)

1.0 (0.8, 1.4)

45–49

1.1 (0.9, 1.5)

0.8 (0.6, 1.1)

0.9 (0.6, 1.2)

Religion

Orthodox

1

Protestant

1.2 (0.9, 1.5)

1.1 (0.9, 1.4)

1.1 (0.9, 1.4)

Muslim

1.5 (1.2, 1.8)

1.0 (0.9, 1.2)

1.3 (1.1, 1.5)

Others*

1.2(0.6, 2.2)

1.1 (0.5, 2.2)

1.1 (0.6, 2.2)

Educational status

No education

1

Primary

0.7 (0.6, 0.85)

0.8 (0.7, 0.9)

0.8 (0.7, 0.9)

Secondary

0.3 (0.2, 0.4

0.4 (0.3, 0.5)

0.4 (0.3, 0.5)

Higher

0.2 (0.1, 0.26)

0.3 (0.2, 0.4)

0.3 (0.2, 0.4)

House hold wealth index

Poorest

1

Poorer

1.2 (0.9, 1.4)

1.2 (1.0, 1.5)

1.2 (0.9, 1.4)

Middle

0.9 (0.7, 1.0)

1.0 (0.8, 1.2)

0.9 (0.7, 1.1)

Richer

0.7 (0.5, 0.8)

0.8 (0.7, 1.0)

0.8 (0.6, 1.0)

Richest

0.4 (0.3, 0.5)

0.7 (0.5, 0.9)

0.8 (0.6, 1.1)

Marital status

Never married

1

Married

1.5 (1.3, 1.7)

1.4 (1.1, 1.7)

1.3 (1.1, 1.6)

Widowed/divorced

1.5 (1.2, 1.9)

1.3 (0.9, 1.7)

1.2 (0.9, 1.6)

Number of living children

None

1

1–2

1.3 (1.1, 1.5)

0.9 (0.7, 1.1

0.9 (0.7, 1.1)

3–4

1.4 (1.2, 1.6)

0.8 (0.6, 1.1)

0.8 (0.6, 1.1)

5 and above

1.4 (1.2, 1.6)

0.8 (0.6, 1.0)

0.8 (0.6, 1.0)

Frequency of watching television

Not at all

1

Less than once a week

0.8 (0.6, 0.9)

1.0 (0.8, 1.2)

1.0 (0.8, 1.2)

At least once a week

0.4 (0.3, 0.5)

0.7 (0.6, 0.9)

0.8 (0.7, 1.1)

Frequency of listening radio

Not at all 1

Less than once a week

0.8 (0.6, 0.9)

1.0 (0.8, 1.1)

1.0 (0.8, 1.1)

At least once a week

0.6 (0.5, 0.7)

0.9 (0.7, 1.0)

0.9 (0.7, 1.0)

Residence

Urban

1

Rural

4.5 (3.7, 5.3)

1.4 (0.9, 2.2)

1.3 (0.8, 2.0)

Region

Tigray

1

Afar

1.2 (0.8, 1.8)

1.2 (0.9, 1.6)

0.8 (0.6, 1.1)

Amhara

1.1 (0.8,1.4)

0.9 (0.7, 1.2)

0.8 (0.6, 1.1)

Oromia

1.2 (0.9, 1.7

1.1 (0.9, 1.5)

0.9 (0.7, 1.2)

Somali

0.4 (0.3, 0.5)

0.3 (0.2, 0.4)

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

Benishangul

0.6 (0.4, 0.9)

0.5 (0.4, 0.8)

0.5 (0.3, 0.7)

SNNP

0.9 (0.7, 1.3)

0.9 (0.7, 1.1)

0.8 (0.6, 1.0)

Gambela

0.79 (0.6, 1.1)

1.0 (0.7, 1.3)

0.9 (0.6, 1.3)

Harari

0.3 (0.2, 0.5)

0.5 (0.3,0.7)

0.3 (0.2, 0.5)

Addis Ababa

0.13 (0.1, 0.2)

0.4 (0.3 0.5)

0.3 (0.2, 0.5)

Dire Dawa

0.4 (0.3, 0.6)

0.7 (0.5, 1.0)

0.5 (0.3, 0.7)

Community-level of wealth

A low proportion of poor

1

A high proportion of poor

2.3(1.9, 2.8)

1.3 (1.1, 1.6)

1.2 (1.1, 1.3)

Community-level of education

A high proportion of educated

1

A low of educated

3.4 (2.8, 4.13)

1.1 (0.9, 1.4)

0.8 (0.7, 1.1)

Community-level of television exposure

A high proportion of exposed

1

A low proportion of exposed

4.4 (3.6, 5.2)

1.6 (1.1, 2.5)

1.4 (1.2, 2.2)

Community-level of radio exposure

A high proportion of exposed

1

A low proportion of exposed

2.4 (2.0, 2.9)

1.2 (0.98 1.5)

1.1 (0.9, 1.4)