|
Characteristic
|
DR Congo
|
Ethiopia
|
|---|
|
Crude model
|
Model 1
|
Model 2
|
Crude model
|
Model 1
|
Model 2
|
|---|
|
HR (95% CI)
|
aHR (95% CI)
|
aHR (95% CI)
|
HR (95% CI)
|
aHR (95% CI)
|
aHR (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
Fertility desired
|
|
No more (R)
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
Wanted
|
0.93(0.89,0.96)c
|
0.93(0.89,0.96)c
|
0.93(0.89,0.97)c
|
0.64(0.62,0.67)c
|
0.64(0.61,0.67)c
|
0.64(0.61,0.67)c
|
|
Undecided
|
0.92(0.84,1.00)
|
0.92(0.84,1.00)a
|
0.92(0.84,1.00)
|
0.87(0.78,0.96)b
|
0.84(0.76,0.93)c
|
0.80(0.72,0.89)c
|
|
Contraceptive use
|
|
Never
|
1.03(0.98,1.08)
|
1.03(0.98,1.09)
|
0.88(0.84,0.93)c
|
1.46(1.38,1.53)c
|
1.45(1.37,1.52)c
|
1.02(0.96,1.08)
|
|
Formal
|
1.00(0.94,1.06)
|
1.00(0.94,1.07)
|
0.92(0.86,0.98)b
|
1.08(1.02,1.15)a
|
1.06(1.00,1.13)
|
1.02(0.95,1.08)
|
|
Current (R)
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
Ethnicity
|
|
Bakongo Nod&Sud (R)
|
1
| |
1
| | | |
|
Bas-Kasai et Kwilu-Kwngo
|
1.20(1.10,1.30)c
| |
1.10(1.01,1.20)a
| | | |
|
Cuvette central
|
1.26(1.15,1.38)c
| |
1.12(1.02,1.23)a
| | | |
|
Ubangi et Itimbiri
|
1.35(1.24,1.46)c
| |
1.21(1.11,1.33)c
| | | |
|
Uele Lac Albert
|
1.20(1.10,1.32)c
| |
1.09(0.99,1.20)
| | | |
|
Basele-K, Man. et Kivu
|
1.45(1.33,1.57)c
| |
1.33(1.22,1.44)c
| | | |
|
Kasai, Katanga,Tanganika
|
1.49(1.38,1.60)c
| |
1.33(1.23,1.44)c
| | | |
|
Lunda/others
|
1.22(1.05,1.42)a
| |
1.14(0.98,1.33)
| | | |
|
Amhara (R)
| | | |
1
| |
1
|
|
Oromo
| | | |
1.51(1.41,1.61)c
| |
1.38(1.29,1.49)c
|
|
Tigrie
| | | |
1.15(1.06,1.24)b
| |
1.17(1.08,1.27)c
|
|
Affar
| | | |
1.88(1.71,2.06)c
| |
1.39(1.24,1.56)c
|
|
Somalie
| | | |
2.31(2.12,2.50)c
| |
1.91(1.73,2.11)c
|
|
Guragie/others
| | | |
1.46(1.37,1.56)c
| |
1.44(1.35,1.54)c
|
|
Residence
|
|
Urban (R)
|
1
| |
1
|
1
| |
1
|
|
Rural
|
1.28(1.23,1.33)c
| |
1.15(1.09,1.22)c
|
1.82(1.73,1.92)c
| |
1.21(1.12,1.30)c
|
|
Religion
|
|
Christianity (R)
|
1
| |
1
|
1
| |
1
|
|
Islam
|
1.08(0.93,1.24)
| |
0.98(0.84,1.13)
|
1.50(1.44,1.57)c
| |
1.15(1.08,1.21)c
|
|
Traditionalist/other
|
1.11(1.00,1.24)
| |
1.04(0.94,1.16)
|
1.54(1.28,1.85)c
| |
1.23(1.01,1.48)a
|
|
Age at FB
|
|
< 20 (R)
|
1
| |
1
|
1
| |
1
|
|
20–24
|
1.04(0.99,1.08)
| |
1.06(1.01,1.10)b
|
0.77(0.74,0.81)c
| |
0.88(0.84,0.93)c
|
|
≥ 25
|
0.78(0.73,0.84)c
| |
0.82(0.77,0.88)c
|
0.56(0.51,0.61)c
| |
0.73(0.66,0.79)c
|
|
Wealth index
|
|
Low (R)
|
1
| |
1
|
1
| |
1
|
|
Middle
|
1.04(0.99,1.08)
| |
1.03(0.99,1.08)
|
0.87(0.82,0.92)c
| |
0.99(0.93,1.05)
|
|
High
|
0.80(0.76,0.83)c
| |
0.97(0.91,1.04)
|
0.57(0.54,0.60)c
| |
0.95(0.88,1.02)
|
|
Education
|
|
No education (R)
|
1
| |
1
|
1
| |
1
|
|
Primary
|
1.07(1.02,1.12)b
| |
1.08(1.03,1.14)b
|
0.53(0.50,0.56)c
| |
0.63(0.60,0.67)c
|
|
Secondary
|
0.85(0.80,0.89)c
| |
0.96(0.90,1.02)
|
0.37(0.33,0.40)c
| |
0.53(0.48,0.58)c
|
|
Higher
|
0.49(0.41,0.58)c
| |
0.71(0.59,0.85)c
|
0.33(0.29,0.37)c
| |
0.53(0.46,0.61)c
|
|
Employment
|
|
Not working (R)
|
1
| |
1
|
1
| |
1
|
|
Working
|
1.04(0.99,1.09)
| |
0.98(0.93,1.02)
|
0.81(0.77,0.85)c
| |
0.95(0.90,0.99)a
|
|
Marital at FB
|
|
Never married (R)
|
1
| |
1
|
1
| |
1
|
|
Married before FB
|
3.30(2.88,3.77)c
| |
2.88(2.52,3.30)c
|
5.43(3.84,7.68)c
| |
3.94(2.78,5.58)c
|
|
Married after FB
|
2.72(2.36,3.14)c
| |
2.49(2.16,2.88)c
|
6.47(4.54,9.23)c
| |
4.42(3.09,6.31)c
|
|
FB sex
|
|
Male (R)
|
1
| | |
1
| |
1
|
|
Female
|
1.01(0.97,1.05)
| | |
1.05(1.00,1.10)a
| |
1.06(1.02,1.11)b
|
|
FB survival
|
|
Dead
|
0.97(0.90,1.05)
| | |
1.13(1.02,1.25)a
| |
1.02(0.92,1.12)
|
|
Alive (R)
|
1
| | |
1
| |
1
|
|
Deviance (−2ll)
| |
193,721.0b
|
191,553.4c
| |
139,264.8c
|
137,602.6c
|
- cp < .001; bp < .01, ap < .05; (a)HR—(adjusted) hazard ratio; CI—confidence interval; R—reference category; ll—loglikelihood; FB—first birth
