Outcomes$ | No. of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Relative effect (95% CI) | Anticipated absolute effects | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Risk with provider-administered | Risk difference with self-administration | ||||
Continuation: all studies | 1261 (3 RCTs) | ⨁⨁⨁◯ MODERATEa,b | RR 1.35 (1.10–1.66) | 460 per 1000 | 161 more per 1000 (46 more to 304 more) |
Continuation—LMIC | 731 (1 RCT) | ⨁⨁◯◯ LOWb,c | RR 1.59 (1.40–1.81) | 458 per 1000 | 270 more per 1000 (183 more to 371 more) |
Continuation—HIC | 530 (2 RCTs) | ⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOWa,b,d | RR 1.22 (1.04–1.43) | 463 per 1000 | 102 more per 1000 (19 more to 199 more) |
Satisfaction—LMIC | 731 (1 RCT) | ⨁⨁◯◯ LOWb,c,e | RR 1.83 (1.61–2.07) | 447 per 1000 | 371 more per 1000 (273 more to 478 more) |
Satisfaction—HIC | 398 (1 RCT) | ⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOWa,b,c,e | RR 0.95 (0.84–1.07) | 730 per 1000 | 37 fewer per 1000 (117 fewer to 51 more) |
Pregnancy | 1129 (2 RCTs) | ⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOWa,b,d,f | RR 0.47 (0.13–1.67) | 12 per 1000 | 7 fewer per 1000 (11 fewer to 8 more) |
Serious adverse events | 1261 (3 RCTs) | ⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOWa,b,d,f,g | RR 0.34 (0.01–8.22) | 2 per 1000 | 1 fewer per 1000 (2 fewer to 12 more) |
Other adverse events | 863 (2 RCTs) | ⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOWa,b,d,f,g | RR 0.59 (0.28–1.28) | 41 per 1000 | 17 fewer per 1000 (30 fewer to 12 more) |