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Table 3 Outcomes by time and model, in women completers

From: Women’s outcomes following mixed-sex, women-only, and home-based cardiac rehabilitation participation and comparison by sex

 

Mixed-sex

N = 324

Women-only

N = 96

Between Group†

Home-based

N = 8

Intake

Discharge

Change*

Intake

Discharge

Change*

P

Intake

Discharge

Change*

Cardiorespiratory fitness

 VO2peak (ml/kg/min)°

17.7 ± 5.3

20.8 ± 6.0

2.8 ± 2.7***

16.0 ± 4.5

19.8 ± 4.5

3.0 ± 2.7***

.008

18.3 ± 6.4

18.6 ± 6.2

0.6 ± 2.0

 METs

5.1 ± 1.5

5.9 ± 1.7

0.8 ± 0.8***

4.6 ± 1.3

5.6 ± 1.3

0.9 ± 0.8***

.005

5.2 ± 1.8

5.2 ± 1.8

0.0 ± 0.7

Cardiovascular risk factors

 SBP (mmHg)

121.6 ± 17.6

120.3 ± 15.6

− 0.8 ± 17.1

124.0 ± 17.0

123.9 ± 15.1

1.9 ± 16.7

.068

123.9 ± 20.3

116.6 ± 17.5

− 5.4 ± 12.3

 DBP (mmHg)

72.9 ± 9.8

73.1 ± 8.0

0.2 ± 9.4

72.2 ± 8.0

74.2 ± 8.0

1.9 ± 9.4

.997

67.7 ± 8.8

66.8 ± 6.6

− 1.7 ± 10.8

 Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.1 ± 1.1

4.1 ± 1.2

− 0.0 ± 0.8

4.0 ± 1.2

4.0 ± 1.1

− 0.0 ± 0.6

.827

4.0 ± 1.3

5.0 ± 1.2

0.5 ± 1.3

 Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.3 ± 0.7

1.3 ± 0.7

− 0.0 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 0.8

1.3 ± 0.7

− 0.1 ± 0.4

.899

1.0 ± 0.3

1.5 ± 0.8

0.4 ± 0.3

 HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.5 ± 0.4

1.5 ± 0.4

0.1 ± 0.2**

1.6 ± 0.5

1.5 ± 0.4

− 0.0 ± 0.0

.309

1.5 ± 0.5

1.2 ± 0.1

0.1 ± 0.2

 LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.0 ± 1.0

2.0 ± 1.0

− 0.1 ± 0.6

2.0 ± 1.0

1.9 ± 0.9

0.0 ± 0.1

.752

2.1 ± 1.0

3.2 ± 0.7

0.2 ± 1.0

 Tobacco use, (% current)

3 (5.9%)

2 (5.1%)

− 1 (2.7%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0

N/A

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0

 Waist circumference (cm)

89.2 ± 13.9

87.9 ± 13.9

− 1.3 ± 6.3**

90.3 ± 13.5

89.2 ± 14.5

− 0.0 ± 0.7

.304

95.9 ± 17.6

92.6 ± 23.2

− 3.1 ± 7.2

 BMI (kg/m2)

27.5 ± 5.7

27.3 ± 5.6

− 0.1 ± 1.4

27.8 ± 5.2

27.8 ± 5.9

0.0 ± 0.2

.524

31.9 ± 11.0

30.3 ± 11.9

− 1.6 ± 2.1

Psychosocial well-being

 Depressive symptoms (CES-D)

12.6 ± 9.9

10.4 ± 8.7

− 1.5 ± 8.1*

13.8 ± 8.5

11.2 ± 10.7

− 1.4 ± 2.3

.468

11.0 ± 6.8

13.0 ± 4.4

2.5 ± 0.7

 Quality of life (Cantril’s ladder of life; 0–10)

6.8 ± 1.9

7.5 ± 1.5

0.7 ± 1.7**

7.2 ± 1.6

7.7 ± 1.6

0.3 ± 0.3

.157

7.0§

7.0§

0§§

  1. N (%) or mean ± standard deviation shown for available sample at given assessment point; change score shown only in participants with scores at both time points
  2. BMI = body mass index; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; METs = metabolic equivalent of task; N = sample size; N/A = not applicable; SBP = systolic blood pressure; VO2peak = maximum rate of oxygen consumption measured during cardiopulmonary exercise test
  3. °Available in n = 285 (66.6%) patients
  4. *Paired-samples t-test for change from intake to discharge within each CR model; *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001. Tests in home-based group likely under-powered and therefore caution is warranted in interpreting those results
  5. Compared between mixed-sex and women-only only, as valid N in home-based is too low for some outcomes. General linear mixed model adjusts for baseline value
  6. Baseline difference between mixed-sex and women-only: ‡P < .05; ‡‡P < .01; ‡‡‡P < .001
  7. §Sample size = 1, standard deviation not available
  8. §§No valid pair available for change score