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Table 4 Risk assessment using the Gail model

From: Assessment of breast cancer risk among Iraqi women in 2019

 

5-year risk

Lifetime risk

Low

High

Low

Moderate

High

1. Are your parents blood relatives?

Yes

364 (44.2%)

109 (40.3%)

295 (41.7%)

151 (45.7%)

27 (49%)

No

455 (55.2%)

159 (59%)

409 (57.8%)

177 (53.4%)

28 (51%)

Unknown

4 (0.6%)

2 (0.7%)

3 (0.5%)

3 (0.9%)

(0%)

2. Marital status

Yes

741 (90%)

265 (98%)

625 (88.4%)

327 (98.8%)

54 (98.2%)

No

82 (10%)

5 (2%)

82 (11.6%)

4 (1.2%)

(1.8%)

3. Educational level

Illiterate

114 (13.8%)

97 (36%)

131 (18.5%)

73 (22%)

7 (12.8%)

Primary

191 (23.2%)

61 (22.6%)

127 (18%)

113 (34.1%)

12 (21.8)

Secondary

238 (29%)

55 (20.3%)

177 (25%)

98 (29.6%)

18 (32.7%)

University

280 (34%)

57 (21.1%)

272 (38.5%)

47 (14.3%)

(32.7%)

4. Number of children

No children

129 (15.6%)

2 (0.7%)

130 (18.3%)

1 (0.3%)

0 (0%)

1–2 children

127 (15.4%)

35 (13%)

98 (13.8%)

55 (16.6%)

9 (16.3%)

3–5 children

375 (45.5%)

101 (37.4%)

303 (42.8%)

141 (42.5%)

32 (58.1%)

More than 5

192 (23.5%)

132 (48.9%)

176 (25.1%)

134 (40.6%)

(25.6%)

5. Age at first live birth

No birth

128 (15.6%)

2 (0.7%)

129 (18.2%)

1 (0.3%)

0 (0%)

Less than 20 years

181 (22%)

165 (61%)

70 (10%)

255 (77%)

21 (38.3%)

20–24 years

296 (36%)

55 (20.3%)

283 (40%)

43 (13%)

25 (45.4%)

25–29 years

169 (20.5%)

26 (9.6%)

169 (24%)

18 (5.4%)

8 (14.5%)

30–39 years

47 (5.7%)

22 (8.4%)

54 (7.6%)

14 (4.3%)

1 (1.8%)

More than 40 years

2 (0.2%)

0 (0%)

2 (0.2%)

0 (0%)

(0%)

6. Breast feeding

Yes

617 (75%)

229 (84.8%)

515 (72.9%)

289 (87.4%)

42 (76.4%)

No

206 (25%)

41 (15.2%)

192 (27.1%)

42 (12.6%)

(23.6%)

7. Use of contraceptives

Yes

424 (52.6%)

120 (44.4%)

314 (44.4%)

201 (60.7%)

29 (52.8%)

No

399 (48.4%)

150 (55.6%)

393 (55.6%)

130 (39.3%)

(47.2%)

8. Age of menarche (first menstrual cycle)

7–11 years

63 (7.7%)

50 (18.2%)

52 (7.3%)

47 (14.1%)

14 (25.6%)

12–13 years

496 (60.2%)

175 (64.8%)

417 (59%)

219 (66.1%)

35 (63.4%)

More than 13 years

264 (32.1%)

45 (17%)

238 (33.7%)

65 (19.8%)

(11%)

9. Premenopausal of postmenopausal

Premenopausal

179 (21.7%)

173 (21%)

445 (63%)

256 (77.4%)

40 (72.8%)

Postmenopausal

644 (78.3%)

97 (79%)

262 (37%)

75 (22.6%)

(27.2%)

10. Race

Arabic

665 (80.8%)

216 (80%)

564 (79.7%)

271 (82%)

46 (83.6%)

Kurdish

99 (12%)

38 (14%)

89 (12.5%)

42 (12.6%)

6 (11%)

Turkmen

59 (7.2%)

16 (6%)

54 (7.8%)

18 (5.4%)

(5.4%)

11. Monthly income to family

Low (Less than 250 IQD)

164 (20%)

60 (22%)

130 (18.5%)

81 (24.5%)

13 (23.8%)

Moderate (250–Million IQD)

459 (55.7%)

156 (58%)

385 (54.4%)

198 (59.8%)

32 (58.1%)

High (More than Million IQD)

200 (24.3%)

54 (20%)

192 (27.1%)

52 (15.7%)

(18.1%)

12. Smoking (including shisha and vape)

Yes

32 (4%)

25 (9%)

40 (5.7%)

12 (3.7%)

5 (9%)

No

791 (96%)

245 (91%)

667 (94.3%)

319 (96.3%)

(91%)

13. Physical activity

Never

473 (57.4%)

175 (65%)

421 (59.5%)

201 (60.7%)

26 (47.2%)

Once weekly

146 (17.7%)

42 (16%)

120 (17%)

58 (17.5%)

10 (18.1%)

Twice weekly

85 (10.4%)

31 (11%)

80 (11.3%)

25 (7.5%)

11 (20.2%)

More than twice weekly

119 (14.5%)

22 (8%)

86 (12.2%)

47 (14.3%)

(14.5%)

14. Number of biopsies

No biopsy

804 (97.7%)

254 (94%)

16 (2.3%)

13 (4%)

6 (11%)

One biopsy (Without hyperplasia)

19 (2.3%)

16 (6%)

691 (97.7%)

318 (96%)

(39%)

15. Number of first-degree relatives with breast cancer

No one

745 (90.5%)

162 (60%)

670 (94.7%)

235 (71%)

2 (3.7%)

One relative

68 (8.25%)

52 (19.25%)

31 (4.3%)

88 (26.5)

1 (1.8%)

More than one relative

10 (1.25%)

56 (20.75%)

6 (1%)

8 (2.5%)

52 (94.5%)