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Table 2 Comparison of the outcomes between the study groups

From: Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for premenstrual syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

Outcomes

Baseline

Post-intervention

Intervention

n = 46

Control

n = 46

Intervention

n = 42

Control

n = 46

Adjusted differencea (95% CI)

P

Primary outcomes

      

Total score of premenstrual syndrome severityb (0–100)

20.1 (10.7)

20.4 (10.3)

10.4 (10.0)

20.2 (10.0)

− 9.9 (− 13.3 to − 6.6)

< 0.001

Quality of life and satisfaction (0–100)c

      

 Peri-menstrual period

49.3 (16.4)

50.4 (12.8)

64.2 (15.4)

50.3 (10.8)

14.1 (8.5 to 19.8)

< 0.001

 Late follicular period

63.0 (14.1)

65.5 (10.3)

68.3 (15.4)

67.3 (12.3)

1.9 (− 4.4 to 8.1)

0.975

Secondary outcomes

      

Sub-scales of premenstrual syndrome symptoms

      

 Depressive symptoms (0–100)

19.1 (12.5)

18.8 (11.6)

8.7 (10.2)

18.6 (10.5)

− 10.2 (− 13.0 to − 7.3)

< 0.001

 Physical symptoms (0–100)

15.1 (9.4)

20.2 (12.9)

12.7 (9.0)

18.6 (12.4)

− 2.1 (− 4.1 to − 0.1)

0.041

 Anger/irritability (0–100)

26.3 (15.6)

24.2 (15.9)

12.9 (13.1)

23.7 (11.5)

− 12.0 (− 16.2 to − 7.9)

< 0.001

 Reduced productivity at work/school/or home (1–6)

1.7 (0.7)

1.8 (0.7)

1.3 (0.5)

1.9 (0.7)

− 0.6 (− 0.8 to − 0.3)

< 0.001

 Interfered with hobbies or social activities (1–6)

1.7 (0.7)

1.8 (0.8)

1.3 (0.5)

2.1 (0.7)

− 0.8 (− 1.0 to − 0.6)

 < 0.001

 Interfered with relationships with others (1–6)

1.7 (0.8)

1.9 (0.9)

1.3 (0.6)

2.3 (0.7)

− 0.9 (− 1.2 to − 0.7)

< 0.001

Disability severityd

      

 Total (0–30)

11.0 (6.2)

13.1 (4.6)

6.0 (4.7)

13.8 (5.0)

− 6.9 (− 8.7 to − 5.2)

< 0.001

 In work/school work (0–10)

2.9 (2.7)

4.1 (2.4)

1.6 (1.8)

4.1 (2.5)

− 2.2 (− 3.1 to − 1.3)

< 0.001

 In social life (0–10)

4.0 (2.6)

4.4 (2.0)

2.1 (1.8)

4.5 (2.0)

− 2.4 (− 3.1 to − 1.7)

< 0.001

 In family life/home responsibilities (0–10)

4.1 (2.6)

4.7 (1.8)

2.3 (1.9)

5.1 (1.6)

− 2.7 (− 3.4 to − 2.0)

< 0.001

Menstrual attitudee

      

 Menstruation as a debilitating event (12–84)

59.2 (9.2)

58.9 (8.8)

52.5 (9.9)

56.9 (8.7)

− 4.7 (− 7.9 to − 1.6)

0.003

 Menstruation as a bothersome event (6–42)

24.8 (6.7)

23.7 (6.1)

21.8 (6.8)

23.5 (6.6)

− 2.2 (− 4.1 to − 0.3)

0.022

 Menstruation as a natural event (4–28)

25.0 (5.2)

25.7 (4.5)

27.4 (4.8)

25.4 (4.7)

2.0 (0.8 to 3.2)

0.002

 Anticipation and prediction of the onset of menstruation (4–28)

26.9 (3.7)

27.4 (3.6)

25.2 (5.1)

27.0 (3.5)

− 1.5 (− 3.1 to 0.0)

0.059

 Denial of any effect of menstruation (7–49)

19.8 (5.3)

19.0 (4.6)

22.3 (6.1)

18.5 (5.7)

3.3 (1.1 to 5.5)

0.004

  1. Intervention group received web-based counselling with a cognitive-behavioural approach for eight weeks and control group received no intervention
  2. Values indicate number (percent) or mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated
  3. aUnivariate General Linear Models were used to compare post-intervention scores of the groups adjusted for the baseline values using Sidak. Also, Bonferroni correction was used for the multiple comparisons of the primary outcomes
  4. bAssessed using Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP); the higher score, the sever symptom
  5. cAssessed using Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (QLES-Q-SF) twice during the period, on day of 1–2 and 11–13 of menstrual cycle; the higher score, the better quality
  6. dAssessed using Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) at day of 1–2 of menstruation period; the higher score, the sever disability
  7. eAssessed using Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ) at day of 1–2 of menstruation period
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BMC Women's Health

ISSN: 1472-6874

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