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Table 2 Associations between exposure to different types of mass media and timing of ANC initiation in Uganda

From: Exposure to different types of mass media and timing of antenatal care initiation: insights from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey

Characteristics

Crude model

COR (95%CI)

P-value

Adjusted model I

AOR (95%CI)

Adjusted model II

AOR (95% CI)

Exposure to radio

 

0.045

  

Not at all

1

 

1

1

Less than once a week

1.22 (1.04–1.42)

 

1.18 (1.01–1.39)

1.13 (0.94–1.35)

At least once a week

1.09 (0.98–1.22)

 

1.06 (0.95–1.19)

1.14 (1.01–1.30)

Exposure to newspapers

 

0.265

  

Not at all

1

 

1

1

Less than once a week

1.06 (0.90–1.25)

 

1.03 (0.87–1.21)

0.98 (0.80–1.19)

At least once a week

1.17 (0.95–1.45)

 

1.19 (0.94–1.49)

1.11 (0.85–1.45)

Exposure to television

 

0.025

  

Not at all

1

 

1

1

Less than once a week

1.25 (1.06–1.47)

 

1.20 (1.02–1.42)

1.28 (1.07–1.53)

At least once a week

1.01 (0.87–1.16)

 

0.96 (0.82–1.12)

1.12 (0.91–1.37)

Region

 

< 0.001

  

East

1

  

1

North

1.70 (1.44–2.00)

  

1.61 (1.35–1.94)

West

1.59 (1.35–1.86)

  

1.52 (1.27–1.83)

Central

1.09 (0.91–1.30)

  

0.92 (0.73–1.15)

Residence

 

0.716

  

Urban

1

   

Rural

0.97 (0.84–1.28)

   

Working status

 

0.141

  

Working

1

  

1

Not working

0.89 (0.78–1.04)

  

0.99 (0.85–1.15)

Marital status

 

0.783

  

Not married

1

   

Married

0.98 (0.87–1.11)

   

Education level

 

< 0.001

  

Tertiary

1

  

1

Secondary Education

0.64 (0.50–0.82)

  

0.75 (0.56–1.00)

Primary Education

0.66 (0.53–0.83)

  

0.80 (0.58–1.09)

No Education

0.81 (0.63–1.05)

  

0.89 (0.62–1.27)

Wealth Index

 

0.960

  

Richest

1

   

Richer

0.98 (0.82–1.18)

   

Middle

0.99 (0.84–1.17)

   

Poorer

0.95 (0.79–1.13)

   

Poorest

0.96 (0.81–1.14)

   

Age (years)

 

< 0.001

  

35–49

1

  

1

25–34

1.32 (1.16–1.49)

  

1.21 (1.02–1.44)

15–24

1.19 (1.04–1.35)

  

1.13 (0.91–1.39)

Household size

 

0.004

  

Above 5

1

  

1

Less than 5

1.16 (1.05–1.29)

  

1.17 (1.03–1.33)

Parity

 

0.001

  

Above 4

1

  

1

Less than 4

1.22 (1.10–1.36)

  

1.07 (0.90–1.27)

Sex of household head

 

0.783

  

Male

1

   

Female

0.98 (0.88–1.11)

   

Age at first birth

 

0.169

  

18 and above

1

  

1

Less than 18

0.93 (0.84–1.03)

  

1.05 (0.94–1.18)

Partner’s education

148

< 0.001

  

Tertiary

1

  

1

Secondary

0.77 (0.63–0.93)

  

0.89 (0.72–1.09)

Primary

0.72 (0.59–0.86)

  

0.83 (0.67–1.02)

No education

1.03 (0.79–1.35)

  

1.13 (0.85–1.51)

  1. Bold significant at P-value less than 0.05