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Table 2 Attitudes, knowledge, and perceptions about HPV and the HPV vaccine by nationality

From: Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions associated with HPV vaccination among female Korean and Chinese university students

Variables/items

Total (n = 590)

Korean (n = 273)

Chinese (n = 317)

Z(p)

Mean ± SD

Positive attitudes toward the HPV vaccine (total) (min–max: 3–15)

10.28 ± 1.84

10.26 ± 1.87

10.29 ± 1.82

− 0.08 (0.935)

 The vaccine would effectively prevent me from getting STI

3.42 ± 0.71

3.45 ± 0.71

3.39 ± 0.71

− 1.21 (0.225)

 The vaccine would effectively prevent me from getting cervical cancer

3.49 ± 0.69

3.53 ± 0.70

3.46 ± 0.68

− 1.47 (0.141)

 I trust the vaccine safety

3.37 ± 0.77

3.27 ± 0.74

3.45 ± 0.79

− 2.92 (0.004)

HPV knowledge (total) (min–max: 0–8)

1.90 ± 1.93

1.92 ± 1.98

1.89 ± 1.89

− 0.02 (0.987)

 HPV has no symptoms

0.23 ± 0.42

0.22 ± 0.41

0.25 ± 0.43

− 0.95 (0.344)

 HPV could disappear without treatment

0.10 ± 0.30

0.12 ± 0.33

0.08 ± 0.27

− 1.83 (0.067)

 Vaccination can prevent HPV infection

0.48 ± 0.50

0.45 ± 0.50

0.50 ± 0.50

− 1.19 (0.236)

 Using a condom can absolutely prevent HPV infection

0.29 ± 0.46

0.32 ± 0.47

0.27 ± 0.45

− 1.08 (0.281)

 HPV only affects women

0.32 ± 0.47

0.34 ± 0.47

0.30 ± 0.46

− 0.89 (0.375)

 HPV is affected by coitus

0.30 ± 0.46

0.33 ± 0.47

0.28 ± 0.45

− 1.25 (0.210)

 Genital warts induce cervical cancer.

0.05 ± 0.22

0.05 ± 0.21

0.06 ± 0.23

− 0.50 (0.619)

 HPV could be completely treated with medication and surgical procedures

0.12 ± 0.32

0.10 ± 0.29

0.14 ± 0.34

− 1.52 (0.128)

Perceptions of HPV

    

 Subtotal score of seriousness (min–max: 2–10)

7.06 ± 1.43

7.01 ± 1.44

7.11 ± 1.42

− 1.65 (0.100)

  Cervical cancer caused by HPV is a serious health problem

3.55 ± 0.77

3.54 ± 0.76

3.56 ± 0.78

− 1.23 (0.221)

  Genital warts caused by HPV is a serious health problem

3.51 ± 0.76

3.47 ± 0.75

3.55 ± 0.76

− 1.86 (0.063)

 Subtotal score of susceptibility (min–max: 2–10)

5.91 ± 1.70

5.94 ± 1.65

5.89 ± 1.75

− 0.18 (0.856)

  I would be susceptible to getting cervical cancer because of HPV ara>

2.99 ± 0.91

3.00 ± 0.86

2.98 ± 0.94

− 0.40 (0.693)

  I would be susceptible to getting genital warts because of HPV

2.92 ± 0.89

2.94 ± 0.85

2.91 ± 0.93

0.00 (0.999)

 Subtotal score of negative emotions (min–max: 2–10)

6.14 ± 1.64

6.02 ± 1.57

6.24 ± 1.70

− 1.75 (0.081)

  I am anxious about getting HPV infection

2.96 ± 0.99

2.88 ± 0.96

3.04 ± 1.01

− 1.98 (0.048)

  It would be shameful to get HPV infection

3.17 ± 0.94

3.14 ± 0.89

3.20 ± 0.98

− 1.32 (0.188)

  1. N=590. STI, Sexually transmitted infection; HPV, Human papillomavirus