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Table 1 Characteristics of all women with obesity and/or prior gestational diabetes, by BMI and GDM groups, and in BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 AND GDM+ -group

From: Physical activity and health-related quality of life among high-risk women for type 2 diabetes in the early years after pregnancy

Character

Whole population (N = 204)

BMI < 30 kg m−2

(N = 94)

BMI ≥ 30 kg m−2

(N = 110)

p Value*

GDM− 

(N = 62)

GDM+ 

(N = 142)

p Value*

BMI ≥ 30 kg m−2 AND GDM+ 

(N = 58)

p Value*

Age, years,

Median, (IQR)

39 (6.0)

39 (6.0)

38.5 (6.0)

0.89

38 (6.0)

39.0 (5.0)

0.08

40 (5)

0.086

BMI, kg m−2,

median, (IQR)

31.1 (10.9)

25.0 (4.4)

35.8 (6.0)

 

35.0 (7.8)

28.7 (9.3)

 < 0.001

34.5 (5.2)

 < 0.001

15D score,

median

(IQR)

0.934 (0.092)

0.947 (0.103)

0.921 (0.083)

 < 0.001

0.930 (0.095)

0.939 (0.090)

0.72

0.927 (0.086)

0.277

Intervention-group in the original study (%)

96 (47.1%)

49 (52.1%)

47 (42.7%)

0.16

27 (43.5%)

69 (48.6%)

0.61

22 (37.9%)

0.100

Years of education number (%)

   

0.18

  

0.34

 

0.553

Less than 9 years

3 (1.5%)

2 (2.1%)

1 (0.9%)

 

0 (0%)

3 (2.1%)

 

1 (1.7%)

 

9–12 years

19 (9.3%)

7 (7.5%)

12 (10.9%)

 

5 (8.1%)

14 (9.9%)

 

8 (13.8%)

 

13–16 years

56 (27.5%)

22 (23.4%)

34 (30.9%)

 

23 (37.1%)

33 (23.2%)

 

16 27.6%)

 

More than 16 years

126 (61.8%)

63 (67.0%)

63 (57.3%)

 

34 (54.8%)

92 (64.8%)

 

33 (56.9%)

 

Married/in a registered relationship/cohabiting (yes),

number (%)

186 (91.1%)

89 (94.7%)

97 (88.2%)

0.10

57 (91.9%)

129 (90.8%)

0.06

49 (84.5%)

0.068

Median number of children (< 18y) in the family,

mean (min–max, IQR)

2 (1–5, 1)

2 (1–5, 1)

2 (1–4, 0)

0.032

2 (1–4, 1)

2 (1–5, 1)

 < 0.001

2 (1–4, 1)

0.539

Smoking regularly (yes),

number (%)

11 (5.4%)

3 (3.2%)

8 (7.3%)

0.20

4 (6,5%)

7 (4.9%)

0.65

4 (6.9%)

0.549

Prior GDM (yes), number (%)

140 (68.6%)

82 (87.2%)

58 (52.7%)

 < 0.001

     

Reported one or more chronical disease (yes), number (%)

62 (30.4%)

20 (21.3%)

42 (38.2%)

0.018

23 (37.1%)

39 (27.5%)

0.17

27 (46.6%)

0.372

Asthma or COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

15 (7.4%)

6 (6.4%)

9 (8.2%)

 

5 (8.1%)

10 (7.0%)

 

5 (8.6%)

 

Migraine

14 (6.9%)

6 (6.4%)

8 (7.3%)

 

2 (3.2%)

12 (8.5%)

 

8 (13.8%)

 

Depression

13 (6.3%)

3 (3.2%)

10 (9.1%)

 

5 (8.1%)

8 (5.6%)

 

5 (8.6%)

 

Hypothyreoidism

12 (5.9%)

4 (4.3%)

8 (7.3%)

 

6 (9.7%)

6 (4.2%)

 

4 (6.9%)

 

Hypertension

11 (5.4%)

1 (1%)

10 (9.1%)

 

4 (6.5%)

7 (4.9%)

 

6 (10.3%)

 

Diabetes

5 (2.5%)

2 (2.1%)

3 (2.7%)

 

1 (1.6%)

4 (2.8%)

 

2 (3.4%)

 

Arrythmias

3 (1.5%)

2 (2.1%)

1 (0.9%)

 

1 (1.6%)

2 (1.4%)

 

0 (0%)

 

Rheumatoid arthritis

2 (1%)

1 (1%)

1 (0.9%)

 

1 (1.6%)

1 (0.7%)

 

0 (0%)

 

Cancer

1 (0.5%)

1 (1.1%)

0 (0%)

 

0 (0%)

1 (0.7%)

 

0 (0%)

 

Other

18 (8.8%)

9 (9.6%)

9 (8.2%)

 

6 (9.7%)

12 (8.5%)

 

7 (12.1%)

 
  1. BMI body mass index, GDM gestational diabetes, IQR interquartile range
  2. *p Value for the difference between the BMI-groups and GDM-groups, and between BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and GDM+ group and whole sample, Mann–Whitney U test or Chi Square test
  3. Significant p Values were bolded
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