Table 1 General characteristics of participants
From: Biopsychosocial risk factors of depression during menopause transition in southeast China
Variable | All | Menopausal status | Statistic | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perimenopausal | Postmenopausal | ||||
n = 1748 | n = 1160 | n = 588 | |||
Age (n, %) | χ2 = 336.434 | < 0.001 | |||
40–49 | 1040 (59.50) | 863 (74.40) | 177 (30.10) | ||
50–59 | 685 (39.19) | 297 (25.60) | 388 (65.99) | ||
≥ 60 | 23 (1.32) | 0 | 23 (3.91) | ||
Age (years, mean, SD) | 48.56 ± 4.60 | 47.89 ± 6.34 | 51.65 ± 4.52 | t = 22.74 | < 0.001 |
Residence (n, %) | χ2 = 1.468 | 0.226 | |||
Urban | 1460 (83, 52) | 960 (82.76) | 500 (85.03) | ||
Rural | 288 (16.48) | 200 (17.24) | 88 (14.97) | ||
Education level (n, %) | χ2 = 111.532 | < 0.001 | |||
Under high school | 385 (22.02) | 246 (21.21) | 139 (23.64) | ||
High school | 574 (32.84) | 362 (31.21) | 212 (36.05) | ||
College and above | 789 (45.14) | 552 (47.58) | 237 (40.31) | ||
Employment status (n, %) | χ2 = 8.422 | 0.015 | |||
Employed | 1282 (73.34) | 943 (81.29) | 339 (57.65) | ||
Unemployed or retired | 466 (26.66) | 217 (18.71) | 249 (42.35) | ||
Personal income per month (yuan) (n, %) | χ2 = 11.180 | 0.004 | |||
< 2000 | 249 (14.25) | 166 (14.31) | 83 (14.12) | ||
2000–5000 | 791 (45,258) | 494 (42.59) | 297 (50.51) | ||
> 5000 | 708 (40.50) | 500 (43.10) | 208 (35.37) | ||
BMI (n, %) | χ2 = 3.079 | 0.38 | |||
Underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2) | 102 (5.83) | 74 (6.38) | 28 (4.76) | ||
Normal (18.5–24 kg/m2) | 1222 (69.91) | 809 (69.74) | 412 (70.07) | ||
Overweight (24–28 kg/m2) | 282 (16.13) | 189 (16.29) | 94 (15.99) | ||
Obesity ( ≧ 28 kg/m2) | 55 (3.15) | 32 (2.76) | 23 (3.91) | ||
Missing | 87 (4.98) | 56 (4.83) | 31 (5.27) | ||
Past medical history (n, %) | χ2 = 0.636 | 0.752 | |||
High blood pressure | 35 (2.00) | 24 (2.07) | 11 (1.87) | ||
Diabetes Mellitus | 10 (0.57) | 5 (0.43) | 5 (0.85) | ||
Cancer | 28 (1.60) | 19 (1.64) | 9 (1.53) | ||
Times of abortion (n, %) | χ2 = 0.657 | 0.714 | |||
N = 0 | 427 (24.43) | 276 (23.79) | 147 (25) | ||
1 ≤ N ≤ 2 | 992 (56.75) | 666 (57.41) | 326 (55.44) | ||
N ≥ 3 | 329 (18.82) | 214 (18.45) | 115 (19.56) | ||
Parity (n, %) | χ2 = 0.537 | 0.765 | |||
N = 0 | 154 (8.81) | 105 (9.05) | 49 (8.33) | ||
N = 1 | 1384 (79.18) | 924 (79.66) | 460 (78.23) | ||
N ≥ 2 | 210 (12.01) | 131 (11.29) | 79 (13.43) | ||
Age at menarche (years, mean, SD) | 14.54 ± 1.58 | 14.46 ± 1.54 | 14.70 ± 1.65 | t = 2.996 | 0.003 |
Age at menopause (years, mean, SD) | 48.10 ± 3.82 | ||||
Reproductive period (years, mean, SD) | 33.38 ± 3.77 | ||||
Duration after menopause (years, mean, SD) | 3.62 ± 2.86 | ||||
Depression status (HAMD scores, n, %) | χ2 = 32.388 | < 0.001 | |||
Non-depression (< 8) | 919 (52.57) | 653 (56.29) | 266 (45.24) | ||
Mild depression (8–19) | 674 (38.56) | 428 (36.90) | 246 (41.84) | ||
Moderate depression (20–34) | 140 (8.00) | 75 (6.47) | 65 (11.05) | ||
Severe depression (≥ 35) | 15 (0.86) | 4 (0.34) | 11 (1.87) | ||