Intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Kenya: forms, perpetrators and associations

BMC Women's Health

Table 3 Distribution of different forms of violence during pregnancy among women in Kenya (2014), weighted

Type of violence	Ever	Often	Sometimes	Often or sometimes
Emotional violence
Any emotional violence	67.8
Said or did something to humiliate her in front of others		14.8	17.9	32.7
Threatened to hurt or harm her or someone she cared about		12.1	16.2	28.2
Insulted her or made her feel bad about her		20.6	22.2	42.9
Sexual violence
Any sexual violence	34.8
Physically forced her to have sexual intercourse with him when she did not want to		10.3	13.3	23.5
Physically forced her to perform any other sexual acts she did not want to		4.7	6.8	11.5
Forced her with threats or in any other way to perform sexual acts she did not want to		5.4	4.3	9.7
Physical violence
Any physical violence	78.6
Pushed her, shook her, or threw something at her		14.7	21.4	36.2
Slapped her		20.3	25.1	45.4
Twisted her arm or pulled her hair		10.9	13.1	24.0
Punched her with his fist or with something that could hurt her		13.8	16.8	30.6
Kicked her, dragged her, or beat her up		16.6	16.3	33.0
Tried to choke her or burn her on purpose		4.5	6.4	10.9
Threatened her or attacked her with a knife, gun, or other weapon		4.8	9.0	13.8
Any form of physical and, or sexual violence	80.0
Any form of emotional and, or physical and, or sexual violence	85.9
Total 15–49 years	397

All variables are expressed as proportions (in %). Women could select multiple items, hence these different forms of violence are not mutually exclusive

ISSN: 1472-6874