Table 3 Determinants of modern contraceptive uptake among married women in sub-Saharan Africa

Africa Region

 Southern

1

1

 Central

0.17 (0.16, 0.17)

0.23 (0.22, 0.24)*

 Eastern

1.00 (0.96, 1.03)

1.47 (1.40, 1.54)*

 Western

0.23 (0.22, 0.24)

0.46 (0.43, 0.48)*

Residence

 Rural

1

1

 Urban

1.77 (1.73, 1.83)

1.18 (1.14, 1.24)*

Age group

 15–24

1

1

 25–34

1.06 (1.02, 1.08)

0.99 (0.96, 1.02)

 35–46

0.99 (0.95, 1.04)

0.92 (0.88, 1.01)

Maternal education

 No education

1

1

 Primary education

1.62 (1.57, 1.68)

1.49 (1.44, 1.55)*

 Secondary and above

1.43 (1.36, 1.49)

1.66 (1.58, 1.74)*

Husband education

 No education

1

1

 Primary education

1.84 (1.78, 1.90)

1.38 (1.33, 1.42)*

 Secondary and above

1.36 (1.31, 1.41)

1.38 (1.33, 1.43)*

Maternal occupation

 Had no occupation

1

1

 Had occupation

0.86 (0.84, 0.88)

0.94 (0.91, 1.01)

Women’s health care decision making autonomy

 Women alone

1

1

 Women and her husband

0.81 (0.78, 0.83)

0.90 (0.87, 0.93)*

 Husbands alone

0.50 (0.48, 0.51)

0.73 (0.71, 0.75)*

Wealth Index

 Poor

1

 Middle

1.14 (1.10, 1.17)

1.17 (1.14, 1.21)*

 Rich

1.35 (1.31, 1.38)

1.29 (1.25, 1.34)*

Media exposed

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.21 (1.18, 1.24)

1.25 (1.22, 1.29)*

Accessing health care

 Big problem

1

1

 Not big problem

1.07 (1.04, 1.09)

1.03 (0.98, 1.05)

PNC utilization

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.59 (1.56, 1.63)

1.62 (1.58, 1.66)*

Place of delivery

 Home

1

1

 Institution

1.90 (1.83, 1.95)

1.74 (1.69, 1.79)*

Birth order

 1

1

1

 2–4

1.26 (1.22, 1.31)

1.36 (1.31, 1.41)*

 5+

1.20 (1.14, 1.27)

1.35 (1.28, 1.43)*

Community Variance (SE)

0.17 (0.15, 0.20)

0.068 (0.05, 0.08)

0.035 (0.028, 0.044)

0.030 (0.024, 0.038)

ICC%

5.13

2

1.5

1.4

PCV%

1

88.23

80.22

83.05

MOR

1.49 (1.42, 1.53)

1.28 (1.23, 1.30)

1.19 (1.17, 1.22)

1.17 (1.15, 1.19)

LL

−175,175

−158,668

−97,036

−91,641

Deviance

350,350

317,336

194,072

183,282

AIC

350,354

317,349

194,114

183,332

BIC

350,376

317,413

194,329

183,587