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Table 5 Odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios in favor of tobacco use for child marriage by urban and rural household wealth and education sub-groups

From: Child marriage and risky health behaviors: an analysis of tobacco use among early adult and early middle-aged women in India

 

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Early adulthood

Early middle age

All

Early adulthood

Early middle age

All

Panel A. Urban-poor

      

Child marriage

1.530***

1.383***

1.527***

1.191**

1.246**

1.231***

(1.325, 1.766)

(1.170, 1.636)

(1.381, 1.689)

(1.018, 1.392)

(1.030, 1.507)

(1.104, 1.373)

Observations

23,403

13,953

37,356

23,258

13,923

37,306

Panel B. Urban-nonpoor

      

Child marriage

2.509***

1.667***

2.141***

1.865***

1.116

1.335***

(1.950, 3.229)

(1.294, 2.147)

(1.764, 2.599)

(1.425, 2.441)

(0.859, 1.449)

(1.078, 1.654)

Observations

23,639

18,877

42,516

21,671

17,675

42,043

Panel C. Rural-poor

      

Child marriage

1.265***

1.071*

1.197***

1.215***

1.120***

1.167***

(1.187, 1.347)

(1.000, 1.148)

(1.142, 1.255)

(1.136, 1.300)

(1.040, 1.207)

(1.110, 1.227)

Observations

59,587

33,808

93,395

59,542

33,806

93,395

Panel D. Rural-nonpoor

      

Child marriage

1.744***

1.365***

1.669***

1.338***

1.163***

1.253***

(1.608, 1.892)

(1.260, 1.479)

(1.575, 1.768)

(1.224, 1.464)

(1.065, 1.270)

(1.175, 1.335)

Observations

83,922

52,764

136,686

80,667

52,624

136,433

Panel E. Low education

      

Child marriage

1.252***

1.095***

1.182***

1.242***

1.117***

1.173***

(1.182, 1.326)

(1.035, 1.160)

(1.134, 1.232)

(1.168, 1.321)

(1.050, 1.189)

(1.123, 1.226)

Observations

89,173

77,383

166,556

89,021

77,334

166,447

Panel F. High education

      

Child marriage

1.626***

1.373***

1.559***

1.396***

1.213***

1.326***

(1.488, 1.776)

(1.220, 1.544)

(1.452, 1.674)

(1.265, 1.540)

(1.064, 1.382)

(1.225, 1.436)

Observations

101,378

42,019

143,397

98,408

39,156

138,624

  1. 95% confidence intervals are in parenthesis
  2. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1
  3. Estimates are obtained using complex survey weights
  4. Each panel (A, B, C, D, E, and F) presents results of separate regressions
  5. Poor refers to households in the bottom-two (1st and 2nd) wealth index quintiles of respective regions (urban or rural). Non-poor refers to households in the top-three (3rd, 4th, and 5th) wealth index quintiles of respective regions (urban or rural)
  6. Low education refers to no education or primary education. High education refers to secondary or higher education
  7. In multivariable specification (adjusted) the following covariates (not reported here) were controlled for: age, education, household size, religion, caste, and state fixed effect