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Table 2 Mortality from CVD and other causes and RERI according to education level and parity

From: Super-additive associations between parity and education level on mortality from cardiovascular disease and other causes: the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

 

Education level

RERI (95%CI)

P value for RERI

Low

Low

High

High

Parity

Nulliparous

Parity ≥ 1

Nulliparous

Parity ≥ 1

Person-years

8686

246,667

16,318

400,450

  

Total cardiovascular disease

      

    No

72

1093

55

861

  

    Age-adjusted HR (95%CI)

1.92 (1.51–2.44)

1.23 (1.12–1.35)

1.14 (0.87–1.50)

1.00

0.89 (0.16–1.61)

0.04

    Multivariable HR (95%CI)

1.71 (1.34–2.18)

1.19 (1.08–1.30)

1.15 (0.87–1.52)

1.00

  

    Age-adjusted mortality rate

7.76

5.45

5.21

4.21

  

Cancer

      

    No

35

873

56

1038

  

    Age-adjusted HR (95%CI)

1.05 (0.75–1.48)

1.03 (0.94–1.13)

1.12 (0.86–1.47)

1.00

 − 0.04 (− 0.50 to 0.41)

NS

    Multivariable HR (95%CI)

1.02 (0.73–1.44)

1.01 (0.92–1.11)

1.11 (0.85–1.46)

1.00

  

    Age-adjusted mortality rate

4.61

4.64

5.30

4.37

  

Non-CVD and non-cancer

      

    No

76

1116

78

946

  

    Age-adjusted HR (95%CI)

1.88 (1.49–2.38)

1.17 (1.07–1.27)

1.48 (1.17–1.86)

1.00

1.13 (0.24–2.02)

0.01

    Multivariable HR (95%CI)

1.69 (1.33–2.14)

1.12 (1.03–1.23)

1.47 (1.16–1.85)

1.00

  

   Age-adjusted mortality rate

8.81

5.65

7.11

4.58

  

All-cause

      

    No

183

3082

189

2845

  

    Age-adjusted HR (95%CI)

1.64 (1.41–1.91)

1.14 (1.08–1.20)

1.25 (1.08–1.45)

1.00

0.65 (0.26–1.04)

0.005

    Multivariable HR (95%CI)

1.51 (1.30–1.75)

1.10 (1.05–1.16)

1.25 (1.08–1.45)

1.00

  

    Age-adjusted mortality rate

21.18

15.74

17.61

13.16

  
  1. Multivariable adjustment: age, body mass index, history of hormonal drug use, habitual exercise or walking, current smoking, current drinking, sleep hours, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, perceived mental stress, and regular employment
  2. RERI > 0 indicates additive interaction of nulliparity and low education
  3. HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; RERI, the relative excess risk due to interaction; NS, not significant