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Table 1 Example questions from interview guide

From: “Even if I’m undetectable, I just feel like I would die”: a qualitative study to understand the psychological and socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on women living with HIV (WLWH) in Chicago, IL

Broad domain of qualitative exploration

Example of exploratory qualitative question

Example of themes emerging from qualitative data

Guiding framework

Retention in care

How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted your ability to remain in HIV care?

Non-adherence to ART; cancelled or missed HIV care appointments

Health Disparities Framework (Understanding—Patient/individual; Provider; Clinical encounter; Health care system)

Fear of COVID-19

At the beginning of the pandemic, how concerned were you about contracting COVID-19?

As the pandemic worsened, did your level of concern change?

Perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 due to HIV status; fear of dying from COVID-19

Syndemic Health Framework (Pandemic-Related Stress)

Mental health effects

How has your mental health been affected?

Increased depression and anxiety; social isolation

Syndemic Health Framework (Loneliness; Social Isolation)

Relationship with provider and healthcare system

How do you think having HIV has impacted your overall experience with the healthcare system during the pandemic?

Stigmatization

Health Disparities Framework (Understanding—Health care system)

Psychosocial stress

Can you tell me how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted your life in general?

Loss of employment; increased financial and childcare strains

Syndemic Health Framework (Pandemic-Related Stress; Food Insecurity; Poverty; Lack of Social Support)