From: The most appropriate cervical dilatation for massage to reduce labor pain and anxiety: a randomized clinical trial
Stage of study
Mean ± SD
Study groups
df
f
p*
Control
Massage
Anxiety scores at the beginning of study
66.33 ± 7.66
63.36 ± 5.28
2
134.36
< 0.0001
Anxiety scores at the end of study
67.10 ± 5.65
42.60 ± 5.83