Table 3 Comparison of the resilience and its sub-scales in two experimental and control groups, before and 2 months after training intervention

Perseverance

Experimental (n = 60)

17.3 ± 1.8

23.3 ± 1.3

2.35

3.82

Control (n = 60)

17.8 ± 1.9

17.4 ± 1.8

2.78

− 0.21

Student’s t-test^b

3.45

4.02

–

–

Effect size: Cohen’s d

–

− 3.75

–

–

P**

0.001

0.262

–

–

Social support

Experimental (n = 60)

10.8 ± 1.7

15.8 ± 0.8

1.281

3.76

Control (n = 60)

11 ± 1.7

10.7 ± 1.7

1.305

− 0.17

Student’s t-test^b

2.65

2.48

–

–

Effect size: Cohen’s d

–

3.84

–

–

P**

0.001

0.224

–

–

Resilience

Living in present

Experimental (n = 60)

15.5 ± 1.4

19.6 ± 1.3

1.442

3.1

Control (n = 60)

18.8 ± 1.6

15.4 ± 1.4

1.435

− 2.26

Student’s t-test^b

1.457

1.414

–

–

Effect Size: Cohen’s d

–

− 3.11

–

–

P**

0.001

0.263

–

–

Help-seeking

Experimental (n = 60)

9.1 ± 1.3

12.6 ± 0.8

1.442

3.24

Control (n = 60)

9.1 ± 1.3

9.4 ± 1.4

1.435

0.22

Student’s t-test^b

1.571

1.171

–

–

Effect Size: Cohen’s d

–

− 2.81

–

–

P**

0.001

0.972

–

–

Consistency

Experimental (n = 60)

9.1 ± 1.9

14.9 ± 1.2

1.428

3.65

Control (n = 60)

9.3 ± 2.03

9.08 ± 1.9

1.421

− 0.12

Student’s t-test^b

1.414

1.507

–

–

Effect Size: Cohen’s d

–

 − 3.66

–

–

P**

0.001

0.954

–

–

Future perspective

Experimental (n = 60)

10.1 ± 1.2

12.3 ± 0.8

1.171

2.16

Control (n = 60)

11.1 ± 1.2

10.9 ± 1.1

1.297

Student’s t-test^b

1.283

1.671

–

–

Effect size: Cohen’s d

–

− 0.17

–

–

P**

0.001

0.532

–

–

Total

Experimental (n = 60)

72.05 ± 4.1

98.7 ± 4.3

2.251

6.24

Control (n = 60)

72.7 ± 4.01

72.8 ± 4.02

1.260

0.02

Student’s t-test^b

2.281

2.281

–

–

Effect size: Cohen’s d

–

− 6.43

–

–

P**

0.001

0.537

–

–