From: Domestic violence experienced by women with multiple sclerosis: a study from the North-East of Iran
Variables | Psychological violence | Economic violence | Physical violence | Sexual violence | Total domestic violence | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
− No (%) Mean ± sd |  +  No (%) Mean ± sd | Results | − No (%) Mean ± sd |  +  No (%) Mean ± sd | Results | − No (%) Mean ± sd |  +  No (%) Mean ± sd | Results | − No (%) Mean ± sd |  +  No (%) Mean ± sd | Results | − No (%) Mean ± sd |  +  No (%) Mean ± sd | Results | |
Age | 36 ± 8 | 38 ± 9 | t = 1.45 P = 0.149 | 39 ± 8 | 36 ± 9 | t = 2.39 P = 0.017 | 38 ± 8 | 36 ± 9 | t = 1.32 P = 0.188 | 37 ± 9 | 38 ± 7 | t = 0.49 P = 0.625 | 37 ± 8 | 37 ± 9 | t = 0.41 P = 0.419 |
Age difference | |||||||||||||||
Less | 110 (46.2) | 128 (53.8) | \(\chi^{2} =\) 2.6 P = 0.263 | 88 (37) | 150 (63) | 1.4 (0.5) | 162 (67.8) | 77 (32.2) | 10.97 (0.004) | 197 (82.1) | 43 (17.9) | 7.03 (0.03) | 114 (48.1) | 123 (51.9) | 4.85 (0.09) |
More | 7 (38.9) | 11 (61.1) | 5 (27.8) | 13 (72.2) | 6 (33.3) | 12 (66.7) | 11 (61.1) | 7 (38.9) | 5 (27.8) | 13 (72.2) | |||||
Equal | 11 (64.7) | 6 (35.3) | 8 (47.1) | 9 (52.9) | 14 (82.4) | 3 (17.6) | 11 (64.7) | 6 (35.3) | 11 (64.7) | 6 (35.5) | |||||
No. of children | |||||||||||||||
0 | 24 (60) | 16 (40) | 10.55 (0.014) | 18 (45) | 22 (55) | 5.4 (0.145) | 25 (62.5) | 15 (37.5) | 2.78 (0.427) | 36 (90) | 4 (10) | 3.24 (0.357) | 24 (60) | 16 (40) | 6.75 (0.08) |
1 | 45 (52.9) | 40 (47.1) | 31 (36.5) | 54 (63.5) | 54 (63.5) | 31 (36.5) | 68 (79.1) | 18 (20.9) | 42 (49.4) | 43 (50.6) | |||||
2 | 46 (45.1) | 56 (54.9) | 41 (40.6) | 60 (59.4) | 74 (72.5) | 28 (27.5) | 79 (77.5) | 23 (22.5) | 49 (48.5) | 52 (51.5) | |||||
More than 2 | 13 (28.3) | 33 (71.7) | 11 (23.4) | 36 (76.6) | 29 (61.7) | 18 (38.3) | 36 (76.6) | 11 (23.4) | 15 (32.6) | 31 (67.4) | |||||
Income (US dollar) | |||||||||||||||
Below 238 | 80 (44) | 102 (56) | 6.54 (0.162) | 62 (34.3) | 119 (65.7) | 9.25 (0.055) | 118 (64.8) | 64 (35.) | 9.26 (0.055) | 144 (78.7) | 39 (21.3) | 1.036 (0.911) | 81 (44.8) | 100 (55.2) | 12.69 (0.013) |
238–476 | 13 (38.2) | 21 (61.8) | 10 (28.6) | 25 (71.4) | 18 (51.4) | 17 (48.6) | 27 (77.1) | 8 (22.9) | 11 (32.4) | 23 (67.6) | |||||
476–714 | 10 (58.8) | 7 (41.2) | 6 (35.3) | 11 (64.7) | 14 (82.4) | 3 (17.6) | 14 (82.4) | 3 (17.6) | 10 (58.8) | 7 (41.2) | |||||
714–942 | 13 (61.9) | 8 (38.1) | 13 (61.9) | 8 (38.1) | 16 (76.2) | 5 (23.8) | 18 (85.7) | 3 (14.3) | 15 (71.4) | 6 (28.6) | |||||
More than 1190 | 12 (63.2) | 7 (36.8) | 10 (52.6) | 9 (47.4) | 16 (84.2) | 3 (15.8) | 16 (84.2) | 3 (15.8) | 13 (68.4) | 6 (31.6) | |||||
Husband’s income | |||||||||||||||
Below 238 | 10 (50) | 10 (50) | 12.57 (0.014) | 5 (26.3) | 14 (73.7) | 32.1 (0.001) | 9 (45) | 11 (55) | 35.15 (0.001) | 16 (76.2) | 5 (23.8) | 2.32 (0.677) | 9 (47.4) | 10 (52.6) | 24.98 (0.001) |
238–476 | 15 (30.6) | 34 (69.4) | 7 (14.3) | 42 (85.7) | 23 (46.9) | 26 (53.1) | 41 (83.7) | 8 (16.3) | 12 (12.5) | 37 (75.5) | |||||
476–714 | 21 (38.2) | 34 (61.8) | 13 (23.6) | 42 (76.4) | 29 (52.7) | 26 (47.3) | 41 (74.5) | 14 (25.5) | 21 (38.2) | 34 (61.8) | |||||
714–942 | 33 (49.3) | 34 (50.7) | 28 (41.8) | 39 (58.2) | 48 (71.6) | 19 (28.4) | 52 (77.6) | 15 (22.4) | 33 (49.3) | 34 (50.7) | |||||
More than 1190 | 49 (59.8) | 33 (40.2) | 48 (57.8) | 35 (42.2) | 73 (88) | 10 (12) | 69 (83.1) | 14 (16.9) | 55 (67.1) | 27 (32.9) | |||||
Husband’s occupation | |||||||||||||||
Employee | 43 (45.7) | 51 (54.3) | 4.72 (0.193) | 41 (43.2) | 54 (56.8) | 7.42 (0.06) | 75 (78.9) | 20 (21.1) | 18.01 (0.001) | 79 (83.2) | 16 (16.8) | 6.93 (0.074) | 47 (50) | 47 (50) | 10.28 (0.016) |
Laborer | 10 (32.3) | 21 (67.7) | 5 (16.1) | 26 (83.9) | 12 (38.7) | 19 (61.3) | 21 (67.7) | 10 (32.3) | 7 (22.6) | 24 (77.4) | |||||
Self–employee | 72 (51.8) | 67 (48.2) | 52 (37.7) | 86 (62.3) | 90 (64.7) | 49 (35.3) | 114 (81.4) | 26 (18.6) | 73 (52.9) | 65 (47.1) | |||||
Unemployed | 3 (33.3) | 6 (66.7) | 3 (33.3) | 6 (66.7) | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | 3 (33.3) | 6 (66.7) | |||||
Occupation | |||||||||||||||
Employee | 40 (58.8) | 28 (41.2) | 5.182 (0.023) | 32 (46.4) | 37 (53.6) | 3.486 (0.062) | 50 (72.5) | 19 (27.5) | 1.51 (0.219) | 57 (82.6) | 12 (17.4) | 0.502 (0.479) | 40 (58.8) | 28 (41.2) | 4.42 (0.036) |
Unemployed | 88 (42.9) | 117 (57.1) | 69 (33.8) | 135 (66.2) | 132 (64.4) | 73 (35.6) | 162 (78.6) | 44 (21.4) | 90 (44.1) | 114 (55.9) | |||||
Educational level | |||||||||||||||
Below Diploma | 15 (23.1) | 50 (76.9) | 24.03 (0.001) | 9 (13.8) | 56 (86.2) | 19.87 (0.001) | 30 (46.2) | 35 (53.8) | 23.56 (0.001) | 48 (72.7) | 18 (27.3) | 5.53 (0.063) | 14 (21.5) | 51 (78.5) | 25.58 (0.001) |
Diploma | 37 (45.1) | 45 (54.9) | 35 (42.2) | 48 (57.8) | 51 (61.4) | 32 (38.6) | 63 (75.9) | 20 (24.1) | 41 (50) | 41 (50) | |||||
University | 76 (60.3) | 50 (39.7) | 57 (45.6) | 68 (54.4) | 101 (80.2) | 25 (19.8) | 108 (85.7) | 18 (14.3) | 75 (60) | 50 (40) | |||||
Husband’s educational level | |||||||||||||||
Below Diploma | 23 (33.8) | 45 (66.2) | 6.22 (0.045) | 18 (26.9) | 49 (73.1) | 4.195 (0.123) | 36 (52.9) | 32 (47.1) | 8.995 (0.011) | 47 (69.1) | 21 (30.9) | 7.435 (0.024) | 25 (37.3) | 42 (62.7) | 4.082 (0.13) |
Diploma | 38 (50.7) | 37 (49.3) | 32 (42.7) | 43 (57.3) | 49 (65.3) | 26 (34.7) | 60 (78.9) | 16 (21.1) | 37 (49.3) | 38 (50.7) | |||||
University | 67 (51.5) | 63 (48.5) | 51 (38.9) | 80 (61.1) | 97 (74) | 34 (26) | 112 (85.5) | 19 (14.5) | 68 (52.3) | 62 (47.7) | |||||
Family support level | |||||||||||||||
No | 18 (45) | 22 (55) | 0.699 (0.873) | 15 (38.5) | 24 (61.5) | 1.424 (0.7) | 24 (60) | 16 (40) | 5.93 (0.115) | 29 (72.5) | 11 (27.5) | 13.72 (0.003) | 17 (43.6) | 22 (56.4) | 3.954 (0.266) |
Low | 11 (42.3) | 15 (57.7) | 7 (26.9) | 19 (73.1) | 13 (50) | 13 (50) | 18 (66.7) | 9 (33.3) | 8 (30.8) | 18 (69.2) | |||||
Moderate | 37 (50.7) | 36 (49.3) | 27 (36.5) | 47 (63.5) | 48 (64.9) | 26 (35.1) | 53 (71.6) | 21 (28.4) | 36 (49.3) | 37 (50.7) | |||||
Strong | 62 (46.6) | 71 (53.4) | 52 (39.1) | 81 (60.9) | 96 (72.2) | 37 (27.8) | 118 (88.7) | 15 (11.3) | 68 (51.1) | 65 (48.9) |