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Table 4 The association between emerged domains and four reproductive and health care access indicators among married women aged 15–49 years in Pakistan (PDHS 2017–18)

From: Women empowerment and access to maternity and reproductive healthcare in Pakistan: cross-validation of a Survey-based Index in Afghanistan (SWEI-A)

Dimensions

Domains

Unmet family planning

Adequate ANC

Institutional delivery

Skilled worker delivery

  

PRR (95%CI)a

PRR (95%CI)a

PRR (95%CI)a

PRR (95%CI)a

Economic

Labor Force Participation b

0.82 (0.69–0.98)*

1.09 (0.97–1.22)

0.96 (0.91–1.08)

1.02 (0.94–1.11)

Socio-cultural

Attitudes towards violence b

0.90 (0.78–1.03)

1.27 (1.14–1.42)*

1.04 (0.97–1.11)

1.05 (0.98–1.13)

Decision-making

0.96 (0.84–1.10)

1.24 (1.12–1.37)*

1.19 (1.10–1.29)*

1.19 (1.09–1.29)*

Age at critical Life eventsb

0.95 (0.61–1.47)

1.19 (0.99–1.44)

1.14 (1.03–1.26)*

1.19 (1.08–1.32)*

Education

Literacyb

0.92 (0.78–1.08)

1.54 (1.40–1.69)*

1.22 (1.15–1.30)*

1.24 (1.16–1.32)*

Health

Access to Healthcareb

1.29 (1.08–1.53)*

1.19 (1.08–1.30)*

1.12 (1.04–1.21)*

1.14 (1.07–1.23)*

  1. *p-value < 0.05
  2. aPRR (95% CI) Prevalence rate ratio and 95% confidence interval, adjusted for the wealth index
  3. bthe high tertile was compared to the low tertile (reference group)