Impact of the Momentum pilot project on male involvement in maternal health and newborn care in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: a quasi-experimental study

Gage, Anastasia J.; Wood, Francine E.; Woo, Madeline; Gay, Rianne

doi:10.1186/s12905-022-02032-1

Table 3 Unadjusted mean male involvement outcomes, by age group and study arm, Kinshasa 2020

From: Impact of the Momentum pilot project on male involvement in maternal health and newborn care in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: a quasi-experimental study

	15–24		25 +		Total
Outcomes	Comparison	Intervention	Comparison	Intervention	Comparison	Intervention
Knowledge of three or more obstetric danger signs (%)
Baseline	40.5	18.7	39.2	30.8	39.5	26.7
Endline	31.8	34.8	34.0	40.4	33.3	38.5
p-value ^a	0.107	< 0.001	0.143	0.008	0.027	< 0.001
Knowledge of three or more newborn danger signs (%)
Baseline	36.4	22.7	45.7	34.8	42.9	30.7
Endline	36.4	37.9	43.9	46.0	41.6	43.2
p-value ^a	1.000	0.002	0.626	0.002	0.683	< 0.001
Gender-equitable Men Scale (Mean)
Baseline	-0.117 [-0.893]	-0.240 [0.774]	0.073 [0.910]	-0.032 [0.855]	0.014 [0.908]	-0.104 [0.833]
Endline	-0.106 [0.868]	-0.101 [0.807]	0.092 [0.854]	0.118 [0.771]	0.030 [0.862]	0.043 [0.790]
p-value ^b	0.900	0.038	0.729	0.005	0.723	< 0.001
Male involvement in ANC index (Mean)
Endline	0.821 [1.890]	1.499 [2.453]	1.211 [2.395]	1.846 [2.784]	1.090 [2.256]	1.723 [2.678]
z, p-value ^c	z = -2.950, p = 0.003		z = -3.293, p = 0.001		z = -4.308, p < 0.001
Male involvement in birth planning index (Mean)
Endline	2.569 [2.286]	3.000 [2.271]	3.087 [2.214]	3.380 [2.179]	2.927 [2.247]	3.249 [2.217]
z, p-value ^c	z = -1.901, p = 0.057		z = -1.906, p = 0.057		z = -2.522, p = 0.012
Male engagement in newborn care index (Mean)
Endline	7.113 [3.238]	7.813 [2.801]	7.708 [2.948]	8.444 [2.748]	7.524 [3.050]	8.226 [2.781]
p-value ^c	z = -2.008, p = 0.045		z = -3.996, p < 0.001		z = -4.245, p < 0.001
MNH shared decision-making index (Mean)
Endline	1.517 [2.143]	1.662 [2.175]	2.191 [2.314]	2.144 [2.311]	1.983 [2.282]	1.977 [2.275]
z, p-value ^c	z = -1.674, p = 0.094		z = -0.238, p = 0.812		z = -0.851, p = 0.395
N	195	198	435	376	630	574

Data pertain to male partners with live-born babies. Parenthesis = Standard deviation
^a p-values based on the McNemar’s chi-square test. Two-sided p-values and the exact McNemar significance probability are reported
^b Two-tailed p-value based on the Paired Samples T-test
^c p-value based on the Mann–Whitney U (Two-sample Wilcoxon Rank-sum) test. The exact p-value is computed for the 15–24 and 25 and older age groups, but not for the total sample as it is greater than 1,000

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