Table 3 Multivariable multilevel logistic regression of individual and community level variables associated with independent women decision making not to use contraceptives in Ethiopia using EDHS data, 2022

Model II

Model III

Model IV

Household head

  Female

2.11(1.60–2.78)*

2.10 (1.59–2.78)*

  Male

1

----

1

Religion

  Orthodox

1.84 (1.39–2.44)*

1.52 (1.05–2.20)*

  Moslem

1

-----

1

  Protestant

1.62 (1.17–2.23)*

1.50 (1.01–2.23) *

  Catholic/traditional/other

1.86(0.74–4.69)

1.81 (0.72–4.51) *

Number of unions

  Once

1

---

1

  More than once

1.48 (1.12–1.95)*

1.43 (1.07–1.43) *

Community Education

  Low

1.19 (1.00-1.49)*

1.16 (0.93–1.44)

  High

1

Region

  Tigray

2.19 (1.51–3.16)*

1.66 (1.00-2.82)*

  Afar

1.74 (1.14–2.64)*

1.72 (1.11–2.67) *

  Amhara

2.45 (1.71–3.500)*

1.89 (1.13–3.16)*

  Oromia

1.08 (0.73–1.61)

1.02 (0.65–1.61)

  Somalia

---

1

1

  Benishangul Gumiz

0.99 (0.66–1.48)

0.89 (0.56–1.43)

  South Nations and Nationality

1.87 (1.32–2.65) *

1.47 (0.92–2.37) *

  Gambela

2.58 (1.73–3.84)*

2.06 (1.20–3.54)*

  Hariri

3.93 (2.62–5.88) *

4.86 (3.10–7.61)*

  Addis Abeba

1.49 (0.95–2.34)

1.29 (0.74–2.24)

  Dire Dawa

1.66 (1.12–2.45)*

1.72 (1.12–2.63)*

Model fitness

  Log-likelihood

-3026.313

-3082.415

-3012.847

  AIC

6092.625

6192.829

6089.694

  BIC

6225.229

6285.609

6301.762