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Table 2 Percent distribution of bivariate analysis of child marriage prevalence among ever married women (20–29 years) by background characteristics, 2007–2018 DHS, Zambia

From: Individual and Community-level factors associated with early marriage in Zambia: a mixed effect analysis

Background characteristics

DHS 2007 (N = 2219)

DHS 2013–14 (N = 4376)

DHS 2018 (N = 3395)

% (CI)

% (CI)

% (CI)

Age

***

*

**

 20–24

56.5 [48.8,54.1]

49.3 [46.6,52.1]

48.1 [45.0,51.4]

 25–29

47.2 [43.9,50.6]

44.7 [42.0,47.5]

41.0 [37.9,44.2]

Residence

***

***

***

 Urban

41.7 [36.7,46.8]

39.0 [35.5,42.7]

34.1 [30.1,38.3]

 Rural

57.2 [54.4,60.0]

52.5 [50.0,54.9]

51.5 [49.1,53.8]

Province

***

***

***

 Central

49.7 [43.2,56.3]

48.5 [43.0,54.0]

44.8 [39.5,50.2]

 Copperbelt

46.1 [37.1,55.4]

38.4 [32.5,44.6]

31.7 [25.0,39.3]

 Eastern

61.6 [56.4,66.6]

57.6 [51.5,63.4]

56.6 [51.7,61.5]

 Luapula

62.2 [55.5,68.5]

47.9 [41.5,54.3]

45.0 [40.4,49.7]

 Lusaka

43.1 [35.7,50.8]

42.2 [36.1,48.5]

36.6 [30.4,43.3]

 Muchinga

–

54.3 [48.2,60.2]

52.0 [45.5,58.3]

 Northern

58.2 [52.3,63.9]

55.3 [49.8,60.7]

54.3 [49.0,59.6]

 North-Western

56.8 [47.1,65.9]

44.3 [38.0,50.8]

34.6 [26.0,44.2]

 Southern

45.7 [39.0,52.6]

48.1 [43.0,53.3]

49.1 [43.5,54.7]

 Western

39.9 [31.0,49.5]

32.2 [25.2,40.0]

37.5 [30.6,44.8]

Education level

***

***

***

 None

67.7 [61.6,73.3]

62.8 [57.2,68.1]

65.1 [57.8,71.8]

 Primary

60.5 [57.4,63.5]

58.9 [56.4,61.3]

58.7 [55.9,61.5]

 Secondary

31.6 [27.7,35.9]

31.6 [28.7,34.7]

29.9 [27.1,32.9]

 Higher

5.2 [1.7,15.2]

3.6 [1.5,8.4]

1.9 [0.7,5.1]

Age at first Sex

***

***

***

 Less than 15

66.4 [59.7,72.4]

66.4 [60.6,71.8]

69.8 [65.3,73.9]

 15–19

48.1 [44.6,51.7]

41.7 [39.1,44.4]

43.0 [40.5,45.5]

 20–24

6.7 [3.4,12.9]

2.2 [0.9,5.0]

7.0 [1.7,7.4]

Age at firth birth

***

***

***

 Less than 15

82.1 [71.8,89.2]

81.4 [73.9,87.0]

85.9 [79.3,90.6]

 15–19

69.0 [66.0,71.8]

61.4 [59.0,63.6]

58.7 [56.3,61.2]

 20–29

11.5 [8.8,14.9]

8.5 [6.6,10.9]

6.5 [4.8,8.8]

Wealth status

***

***

***

 Poor

59.3 [55.9,62.7]

55.3 [52.6,58.0]

53.2 [50.4,55.9]

 Middle

56.2 [51.4,60.9]

49.9 [46.0,53.7]

50.3 [46.3,54.4]

 Rich

41.7 [37.0,46.5]

36.5 [32.8,40.3]

32.3 [28.4,36.3]

Employment status

Ns

Ns

Ns

 Not working

48.9 [45.1,52.8]

45.3 [42.3,48.3]

44.0 [40.3,47.7]

 Working

53.4 [50.0,56.8]

47.9 [45.2,50.7]

44.4 [41.1,47.8]

Education level of partner

***

***

***

 None

68.2 [59.1,76.1]

65.7 [58.9,71.8]

65.9 [55.7,74.8]

 Primary

58.8 [55.6,62.0]

58.9 [55.8,61.9]

55.7 [52.0,59.2]

 Secondary

46.8 [42.9,50.8]

41.4 [38.8,44.1]

38.9 [35.7,42.2]

 Higher

19.9 [13.4,28.4]

12.9 [9.1,18.0]

14.5 [10.1,20.5]

Employment status of partner

 

Ns

***

 Not working

–

39.4 [25.5,55.4]

54.7 [48.4,60.8]

 Working

–

47.0 [44.9,49.1]

42.5 [39.8,45.3]

FP Media exposure

***

***

***

 No

55.2 [52.8,57.7]

50.4 [48.3,52.5]

46.5 [44.2,48.8]

 Yes

35.4 [29.1,42.1]

31.8 [27.2,36.7]

28.5 [23.2,34.4]

Desired family size

***

***

***

 0–3

32.5 [28.0,37.3]

36.3 [32.5,40.3]

34.6 [30.4,39.1]

 4–5

53.0 [49.6,56.3]

45.6 [42.8,48.3]

43.6 [40.7,46.5]

 6 + 

64.6 [60.3,68.7]

57.9 [54.2,61.5]

56.4 [52.6,60.2]

Total

51.5 [48.8, 54.1]

46.5 [44.6, 48.8]

44.4 [42.1,46.7]

  1. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05; Ns Non-significant