Table 4 Analysis of variance showing the factors associated with the recall and recognition of the warning signs/symptoms, and risk factors of cervical cancer (n = 370)
Variable | Warning signs of cervical cancer | Risk factors of cervical cancer | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | (95% CI) | ANOVA | Mean | (95% CI) | ANOVA | |
Age group (years) | ||||||
18–29 | 3.88 | (3.31–4.44) | F = 3.278 | 5.29 | (4.79–5.79) | F = 1.380 |
30–39 | 4.71 | (4.22–5.22) | p = 0.039* | 5.19 | (4.73–5.65) | p = 0.253 |
40–50 | 3.85 | (3.22–4.47) | 5.84 | (5.18–6.50) | ||
Marital status | ||||||
Single | 4.36 | (3.78–4.94) | F = 3.895 | 5.33 | (4.77–5.89) | F = 2.722 |
Married | 4.00 | (3.61–4.39) | p = 0.021* | 5.26 | (4.90–5.62) | p = 0.067 |
Divorced/widowed | 5.95 | (4.03–7.87) | 6.80 | (5.19–8.42) | ||
Living arrangement | ||||||
Own house | 3.72 | (2.59–4.85) | F = 0.549 | 4.45 | (3.50–5.39) | F = 1.887 |
Renting | 4.20 | (3.81–4.58) | p = 0.578 | 5.38 | (5.01–5.74) | p = 0.153 |
Others | 4.43 | (3.72–5.15) | 5.67 | (5.03–6.32) | ||
No of children | ||||||
< 3 | 4.08 | (3.63–4.52) | t = 0.369** | 5.16 | (4.70–5.60) | t = 4.197** |
≥ 3 | 4.31 | (3.65–4.97) | p = 0.544 | 5.94 | (5.33–6.54) | p = 0.041* |
Education | ||||||
No formal/primary and secondary | 3.86 | (3.37–4.35) | F = 2.87 | 5.21 | (4.74–5.69) | F = 0.376 |
Post-secondary | 4.58 | (4.11–5.04) | p = 0.058 | 5.49 | (5.07–5.91) | p = 0.687 |
Others (still studying etc.) | 3.56 | (2.52–4.60) | 5.30 | (4.18–6.41) | ||
Employment | ||||||
Employed (full-time and part-time) | 4.83 | (3.89–5.77) | F = 3.099 | 5.65 | (4.79–6.50) | F = 0.332 |
Unemployed | 3.71 | (3.17–4.24) | p = 0.046* | 5.34 | (4.84–5.84) | p = 0.716 |
Others (retired, studying, etc.) | 4.38 | (3.93–4.82) | 5.29 | (4.88–5.72) | ||
Occupational category | ||||||
Professional and Managerial | 3.86 | (2.98–4.73) | t = − 0.505** | 5.39 | (4.47–6.31) | t = − 0.550** |
Skilled/semi-skilled and unskilled | 4.22 | (3.02–5.42) | p = 0.616 | 5.77 | (4.77–6.78) | p = 0.584 |
Monthly personal income (MYR) | ||||||
< 2000 | 3.97 | (2.80–5.14) | F = 1.169 | 5.54 | (4.43–6.65) | F = 2.088 |
2000–4500 | 3.00 | (1.73–4.26) | p = 0.285 | 4.37 | (3.46–5.28\()\) | p = 0.155 |
Husband’s education level | ||||||
No formal, primary, and secondary | 3.53 | (2.85–4.21) | F = 1.475 | 5.16 | (4.49–5.83) | F = 0.13 |
Post-secondary | 4.25 | (3.78–4.73) | p = 0.231 | 5.31 | (4.87–5.76) | p = 0.875 |
Others (still studying, etc.) | 3.33 | (− 8.92–15.58) | 4.66 | (− 7.07–16.40) | ||
Husband’s employment status | ||||||
Employed (full-time and part-time) | 4.11 | (3.66–4.58) | F = 0.163 | 5.49 | (5.03–5.95) | F = 0.212 |
Unemployed | 4.36 | (3.40–5.31) | p = 0.850 | 5.17 | (4.32–6.01) | p = 0.809 |
Others (retired, studying, disabled) | 3.97 | (2.86–5.09) | 5.47 | (4.51–6.42) | ||
Husband’s occupational category | ||||||
Professional and managerial | 3.86 | (2.98–4.73) | t = − 0.505 | 5.39 | (4.47–6.31) | t = − 0.550 |
Skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled | 4.22 | (3.02–5.42) | p = 0.616 | 5.77 | (4.77–6.78) | p = 0.584 |
Husband’s monthly income (MYR) | ||||||
< 2000 | 4.09 | (3.43–4.74) | F = 1.703 | 5.60 | (4.97–6.23) | F = 0.924 |
2000–4500 | 4.70 | (3.52–5.88) | p = 0.185 | 5.06 | (4.18–5.95) | p = 0.399 |
> 4500 | 3.19 | (2.11–4.27) | 4.85 | (3.76–5.93) | ||
History of cancer among family, friends and relatives | ||||||
Yes | 4.12 | (− 0.83–0.48) | t = − 0.519** | 5.37 | (− 0.615–0.602) | t =− 0.020** |
No | 4.29 | (− 0.83–0.48) | p = 0.604 | 5.37 | (− 0.614–0.602) | p = 0.984 |