Table 3 Dietary intakes of study participants across case and control groups
Groups, mean (SD) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Case (n = 253) | Control (n = 267) | P valuea | |
Food groups (g/day) | |||
Dairy | 479.12 (307.21) | 533.53 (334.58) | 0.054 |
Whole grains | 90.88 (87.76) | 92.27(90.03) | 0.858 |
Refined grains | 336.49 (198.70) | 294.60 (170.09) | 0.010 |
Legumes | 22.63(23.80) | 33.59 (26.85) | < 0.001* |
Red and processed meat | 31.64 (24.73) | 29.59 (20.03) | 0.297 |
Fruits | 415.98 (241.42) | 513.07 (227.48) | < 0.001* |
Vegetables | 278.83 (154.72) | 347.12 (146.46) | < 0.001* |
Nutrients | |||
Energy (Kcal/d) | 2753.45(798.02) | 2464.1(607.43) | < 0.001* |
Carbohydrate (g/d) | 56.18(7.47) | 54.24 (7.04) | 0.002 |
Protein (g/d) | 13.02 (2.15) | 13.03 (2.13) | 0.984 |
Fat (g/d) | 35.11(6.75) | 33.14(7.61) | 0.002 |
SFA (g/d) | 32.92 (11.26) | 29.20(10.53) | < 0.001* |
MUFA (g/d) | 32.29 (13.29) | 37.24 (15.97) | < 0.001* |
PUFA (g/d) | 20.48 (10.35) | 24.49 (13.29) | < 0.001* |
Cholesterol (mg/d) | 293.52(135.55) | 261.88(139.27) | 0.009 |
Fibre(g/d) | 37.96 (19.28) | 39.89 (18.58) | 0.247 |
Sodium (mg/d) | 4740.74(1811.95) | 4307.06(1898.50) | 0.008 |
Potassium (mg/d) | 3766.23(1224.29) | 4297.22 (1261.12) | < 0.001* |
Phosphor (mg/d) | 1482.87 (492.60) | 1617.48 (485.35) | 0.002 |
Iron (mg/d) | 20.28 (9.96) | 16.34 (6.06) | < 0.001* |
Calcium (mg/d) | 1215.79 (463.90) | 1335.27 (458.76) | 0.003 |
Magnesium (mg/d) | 370.06(119.89) | 402.91 (133.15) | 0.003 |
Zinc(mg/d) | 11.76 (3.82) | 12.95 (4.05) | 0.001* |
Vitamin C(mg/d) | 159.16(89.15) | 197.87 (78.89) | < 0.001* |
Folate (mcg/d) | 485.57 (168.28) | 455.20 (163.07) | 0.037 |
Vitamin B12 (mcg/d) | 5.53 (3.87) | 6.70 (4.53) | 0.002 |
Vitamin E (mg/d) | 17.64 (13.16) | 23.59 (17.54) | < 0.001* |
Vitamin D (mcg/d) | 2.04 (3.44) | 2.7 (3.06) | 0.012 |