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Table 3 Social determinants of health among women with self-reported PCOS, unrecognized PCOS, and no PCOS. Categories are mutually exclusive. N (%) or means (SD) shown

From: Factors associated with self-report of polycystic ovary syndrome in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (CARDIA)

 

Self-reported

PCOS

Unrecognized

PCOS

No PCOS

p-value,

self-reported

PCOS

v.

no PCOS

p-value,

unrecognized

PCOS

v.

no

PCOS

 

N = 43

 N = 135

 N = 1850

  

High school education or less (n, %)

5 (12%)

30 (22%)

389 (21%)

0.13

0.74

Household income < $50,000 (n, %)

16 (37%)

64 (47%)

798 (43%)

0.44

0.33

Married (n, %)

19 (44%)

69 (51%)

944 (51%)

0.38

0.98

Difficulty paying for basics (n, %)

10 (23%)

37 (27%)

411 (22%)

0.87

0.16

Food insecurity (n, %)

7 (16%)

36 (27%)

291 (16%)

0.92

< 0.001

Usual source of medical care (n, %)

41 (95%)

132 (98%)

1785 (96%)

0.69

0.43

Type of usual medical care (n, %)

   

0.69

0.33

Private physician/HMO

38 (88%)

112 (83%)

1537 (83%)

  

Walk in clinic

1 (2.3%)

7 (5.2%)

79 (4.3%)

  

Other clinic

1 (2.3%)

8 (5.9%)

126 (6.8%)

  

Emergency department

1 (2.33)

5 (3.70)

29 (1.57)

  

Private insurance or HMO (n, %)

39 (90%)

116 (86%)

1567 (85%)

0.28

0.70

Medicaid or Medicare (n, %)

1 (2%)

14 (10%)

116 (6%)

0.52

0.06

Out of pocket cost (n, %)

32 (74%)

112 (83%)

1504 (81%)

0.25

0.63

Distance from home to usual source of medical care (minutes)

15 (10)

19 (12)

18 (14)

0.15

0.26

Have not always had health insurance in the past 2 years (n, %)

40 (93%)

114 (84%)

1649 (89%)

0.62

0.095

Did not seek care because of cost or lack of coverage (n, %)

7 (16%)

23 (17%)

210 (11%)

0.33

0.048

Very hard, fairly hard, not too hard to get health services (n, %)

17 (40%)

50 (37%)

518 (28%)

0.097

0.02

Very hard, hard, somewhat hard to pay for medical care (n, %)

10 (23%)

31 (23%)

352 (19%)

0.49

0.26