Table 1 The content of the logotherapy sessions

1

Introduction; organization of the sessions; acquaintance of group members with each other; determination of group rules and norms; explanation about healthy lifestyle and logotherapy

2

Encouragement of group members to share their experiences; lecture about life meaningfulness; narration of stories of famous people who achieved enormous success despite disability or problems

3

Education about logotherapy (responsibility, anxiety, meaning seeking, suffering, and self-actualization); encouragement of members to express their concerns; discussion of the role of other individuals and life problems in giving meaning to life. The Socratic method of teaching was used in this session

4

Improvement of self-awareness of cognitions related to violent behaviors and despair; explanation about presence at the present moment

5

Introduction and analysis of the hierarchy of needs; education about the methods for meaning seeking during work, love, and suffering through group discussion; encouragement of group members to share their ideas about love and suffering

6

Discussion about responsibility; encouragement of group members to accept responsibility towards self, others, and life; group members’ introduction of successful and responsible individuals

7

Understanding and accepting loneliness as an inevitable reality; understanding the non-opposition of loneliness with closeness to others; understanding the role of intimacy in coping with loneliness; analysis of the sentence “He who has a why to live for can bear almost any how”

8

Termination Session: Understanding the concept of self-actualization and self-transcendence; characteristics of self-actualization; development of transcendence among group members through reducing their disappointing behaviors; summarizing what was said in the previous sessions