From: Postmenopausal hormones and sleep quality in the elderly: a population based study
Characteristics | Current | Past | Never | Â |
---|---|---|---|---|
 | (N = 424) | (N = 1,289) | (N = 1,410) | P-value* |
Age (y), mean +/- SD | 82.9 +/- 3.4 | 83.8 +/- 3.4 | 83.6 +/- 4.2 | 0.0002 |
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean +/- SD | 26.2 +/- 4.6 | 26.6 +/- 4.7 | 27.7 +/- 5.3 | <.0001 |
Married, n (%) | 149 (35.2) | 378 (29.4) | 299 (21.2) | <.0001 |
African-American, n (%) | 34 (8.0) | 29 (2.3) | 265 (18.8) | <.0001 |
Clinic site, n +/- SD | Â | Â | Â | <.0001 |
BALTIMORE | 70 (16.5) | 238 (18.5) | 240 (17.0) | Â |
MINNEAPOLIS | 131 (30.9) | 464 (36.0) | 422 (29.9) | <.0001 |
PITTSBURGH | 49 (11.6) | 280 (21.7) | 537 (38.1) | <.0001 |
PORTLAND | 174 (41.0) | 307 (23.8) | 211 (15.0) | <.0001 |
Education (y), mean +/- SD | 13.3 +/- 2.6 | 13.1 +/- 2.6 | 12.4 +/- 2.8 | <.0001 |
Age at menopause, mean +/- SD | 47.7 +/- 6.4 | 48.5 +/- 5.6 | 47.9 +/- 5.9 | 0.0181 |
Years of menopause, mean +/- SD | 34.6 +/- 6.9 | 35.2 +/- 6.5 | 34.6 +/- 7.6 | 0.3451 |
Any alcohol intake in the past 30 days, n (%) | 188 (44.4) | 583 (45.3) | 514 (36.5) | <.0001 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 10 (2.4) | 32 (2.5) | 43 (3.1) | 0.593 |
Self-reported health status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.4438 |
   Poor/very poor | 7 (1.7) | 28 (2.2) | 36 (2.6) |  |
Fair | 88 (20.8) | 275 (21.4) | 330 (23.4) | 0.4438 |
   Good/excellent | 328 (77.5) | 984 (76.5) | 1044 (74.0) | 0.4438 |
Medical condition (0-4) | 1.2 +/- 0.9 | 1.3 +/- 1.0 | 1.3 +/- 0.9 | 0.1621 |
Goldberg Anxiety Scale score, mean +/- SD | 1.3 +/- 2.2 | 1.5 +/- 2.3 | 1.2 +/- 2.1 | 0.0007 |
Geriatric Depression Scale score, mean +/- SD | 2.2 +/- 2.3 | 2.5 +/- 2.6 | 2.4 +/- 2.7 | 0.0157 |
Diagnosed with depression | 124 (8.81) | 185 (14.35) | 64 (15.13) | <.0001 |
MMSE score, mean +/- SD | 28.1 +/- 1.7 | 28.0 +/- 2.0 | 27.7 +/- 2.1 | <.0001 |
Walks for exercise (yes), n (%) | 182 (43.2) | 487 (38.3) | 479 (34.4) | 0.0028 |
Blocks walked for exercise (daily), mean +/- SD | 9.8 +/- 12.2 | 8.14 +/- 9.9 | 7.5 +/- 9.7 | 0.0072 |
Currently taking antidepressants, n (%) | 43 (10.1) | 119 (9.2) | 104 (7.4) | 0.0984 |
Current sleep medication user, n (%) | 1 (0.2) | 26 (2.0) | 8 (0.6) | 0.0003 |
Prior hysterectomy, n (%) | 285 (67.4) | 551 (42.9) | 409 (29.0) | <.0001 |