Table 3 Prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for reported heavy menstrual bleeding

1

Age (years)

0.0006

0.0008

18-24

1

1

25-29

0.68 (0.48-0.97)

0.67 (0.47-0.94)

30-34

1.00 (0.75-1.33)

0.98 (0.73-1.31)

35-39

1.24 (0.94-1.63)

1.19 (0.90-1.57)

40-45

1.36 (1.06-1.75)

1.31 (1.02-1.69)

1

Education level (years)

0.001⁴

0.005

0-4

1

1

5-8

0.97 (0.78-1.20)

1.01 (0.82-1.26)

≥9

0.67 (0.52-0.88)

0.71 (0.55-0.92)

2

BMI²

0.006

0.01

≤ 24.9

1

1

25.0-29.9

0.92 (0.73-1.15)

0.90 (0.72-1.13)

≥ 30.0

1.35 (1.09-1.66)

1.29 (1.04-1.59)

3

Number of pregnancies

<0.001⁴

0.001⁴

0

1

1

1-3

1.36 (0.94-1.99)

1.20 (0.81-1.77)

≥ 4

2.15 (1.46-3.17)

1.58 (1.02-2.43)

3

Contraceptive method currently in use³

<0.001

<0.001

Pill/Injectable hormones

0.64 (0.51-0.82)

0.66 (0.52-0.84)

IUD

1.50 (1.10-2.04)

1.36 (0.99-1.87)

Tubal ligation

1.81 (1.45-2.25)

1.59 (1.25-2.01)

Preservative/other methods/none

1

1

4

Duration of menstrual periods (days)

<0.001⁴

<0.001⁴

≤ 3

1

1

4

1.25 (0.91-1.73)

1.21 (0.88-1.67)

≥ 5

2.77 (2.19-3.50)

2.27 (1.80-2.87)

4

Extra-menstrual bleeding

<0.001

0.03

No

1

1

Yes

1.66 (1.33-2.07)

1.28 (1.01-1.63)

4

Presence of blood clots

<0.001

<0.001

No

1

1

Yes

1.80 (1.48-2.20)

1.44 (1.18-1.76)