Table 3 Univariate analysis of demographic, clinical history and psychological variables
| Â | Â | Self-reported screening mammography within last 2Â years | Â | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|  |  | Yes (N = 167) | No (N = 86) |  |
Categorical variables | Status | n (%) | n (%) | P-valuea |
Age group | 40-49 years | 71 (43%) | 44 (51%) | Â |
50-59 years | 63 (38%) | 23 (27%) | 0.69 | |
60-69 years | 30 (18%) | 19 (22%) | Â | |
Education | Less than high school diploma | 21 (13%) | 15 (18%) | Â |
Graduated high school or complete GED | 45 (27%) | 23 (27%) | Â | |
Some post high school education | 71 (43%) | 38 (45%) | 0.14 | |
College graduate or more | 28 (17%) | 8 (10%) | Â | |
Employment | Full-time | 80 (48%) | 20 (23%) | Â |
Part-time | 14 (8%) | 9 (11%) | 0.0002 | |
Unemployed | 73 (44%) | 56 (66%) | Â | |
How often have breast exam by physician? | Every year | 109 (66%) | 26 (31%) | <0.0001 |
Every 2Â years | 21 (13%) | 9 (11%) | ||
Every 3–5 years | 24 (14%) | 18 (21%) | ||
Only once/Never | 12 (7%) | 31 (37%) | Â | |
Income | 0-$15,000 | 33 (20%) | 32 (40%) | Â |
$15,000-$45,000 | 70 (43%) | 35 (43%) | 0.0001 | |
>$45,000 | 61 (37%) | 14 (17%) | Â | |
Marital status | Living with someone | 92 (55%) | 39 (45%) | 0.14 |
Living alone | 75 (45%) | 47 (55%) | ||
Have a primary physician? | Yes | 156 (93%) | 73 (85%) | 0.028 |
Private health insurance | Yes | 107 (64%) | 43 (50%) | 0.027 |
Rural areas | Yes | 60 (36%) | 27 (32%) | 0.49 |
Visit primary physician at least 1/year? | Yes | 150 (90%) | 73 (85%) | 0.20 |
Family history | Yes | 58 (35%) | 12 (14%) | 0.0005 |
Continuous variables | Yes | No | Â | |
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | P-value b | ||
Perceived susceptibility toward breast cancer | 2.51 (0.92) | 2.46 (0.95) | 0.66 | |
Perceived behavior control-facilitator | 17.31 (5.72) | 13.99 (6.33) | <.0001 | |
Perceived behave control-barrier | 3.87 (3.55) | 7.75 (5.33) | <.0001 | |
Self-efficacy- scheduling | 4.40 (0.85) | 4.21 (0.90) | 0.10 | |
Self-efficacy -procrastination | 4.01 (1.03) | 3.85 (1.01) | 0.26 | |
Subjective norms-physician recommendation | 22.47 (4.42) | 17.34 (7.08) | <.0001 | |
Subjective norms-family influence | 20.74 (4.99) | 17.45 (6.42) | <.0001 | |
Strength of cultural affiliation | 1.12 (0.74) | 1.48 (0.88) | 0.0006 | |
Knowledge of mammography screening guidelines | 3.04 (1.00) | 2.31 (1.26) | <.0001 | |
Positive attitude toward mammography | 21.77 (4.34) | 19.52 (5.43) | 0.0004 | |
Negative attitude toward mammography | 5.27 (3.34) | 7.09 (5.35) | 0.0011 | |
Negative attitude-mistrust | 6.17 (4.27) | 7.89 (5.95) | 0.0091 | |
Social modeling | 4.22 (0.84) | 3.78 (1.15) | 0.0006 | |
Native American beliefs (leadership role) | 3.92 (0.79) | 4.09 (0.88) | 0.13 | |
Native American beliefs (traditional role) | 1.84 (1.02) | 2.30 (1.28) | 0.0019 | |
Breast cancer fatalism | 11.42 (4.04) | 14.4 (5.18) | <.0001 | |