Table 1 Participant socio-demographic characteristics
Total (N = 167) | Ever-married with IPV (n = 83) | Ever-married without IPV (n = 84) | p-value+ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean age, years | 35.2 (9.2) | 34.8 (8.3) | 35.9 (10.1) | N.S. |
Education | N.S.* | |||
Less than primary (5th grade) | 28 (16.8) | 12 (14.5) | 16 (19.0) | |
Completed primary (5th grade) | 22 (13.2) | 11 (13.3) | 11 (13.1) | |
Less than upper primary (7th grade) | 6 (3.6) | 4 (4.8) | 2 (2.4) | |
Completed upper primary (7th grade) | 44 (3.6) | 24 (28.9) | 20 (23.8) | |
Secondary (8-10th grade) | 40 (24.0) | 17 (20.5) | 23 (27.4) | |
Higher secondary (11-12th grade) | 15 (9.0) | 8 (9.6) | 7 (8.3) | |
College education | 2 (1.2) | 2 (2.4) | 1 (1.2) | |
Graduate education | 2 (1.2) | 2 (2.4) | 0 | |
Currently employed | 104 (62.3) | 54 (65.1) | 50 (59.5) | N.S. |
Employment sector | ||||
Government | 8 (4.8) | 4 (4.8) | 4 (4.8) | |
Private | 35 (21.0) | 19 (22.9) | 16 (19.0) | |
Marital status | ||||
Married | 160 (95.8) | 81 (97.6) | 79 (94.0) | |
Widowed | 6 (3.6) | 1 (1.2) | 5 (6.5) | |
Divorced | 1 (0.6) | 1 (1.2) | 0 | |
Length of marriage | 13.7 (8.6) | 13.6 (7.3) | 13.8 (9.8) | N.S. |
Income per person/month in Rupee | 2930.0 (4007.7) | 3043.7 (4080.1) | 2800.0 (3948.7) | N.S. |
Number of people living in the household | 5.1 (1.6) | 5.1 (1.7) | 5.1 (1.4) | N.S. |
Religious belief | ||||
Hindu | 153 (91.6) | 73 (88.0) | 80 (95.2) | |
Muslim | 10 (6.0) | 7 (8.4) | 3 (3.6) | |
Christian | 2 (1.2) | 2 (2.4) | 0 | |
Caste | ||||
General (highest) | 42 (25.1) | 19 (22.9) | 23 (27.4) | N.S. |
Other Backward Castes | 51 (30.5) | 28 (33.7) | 23 (27.4) | |
Schedule Caste/Schedule Tribe (lowest) | 62 (37.1) | 30 (36.1) | 32 (38.1) | |
Living with in-laws (husband’s parents) | 92 (55.1) | 44 (53.0) | 46 (54.8) | N.S. |
Number of children | 1.9 (1.1) | 1.9 (1.3) | 1.8 (1.0) | N.S. |
Type of house | ||||
Pakka (concrete, stone, brick, cement) | 115 (68.9) | 57 (68.7) | 58 (69.0) | N.S. |
Kuccha (mud or hay stack or tin roof) | 45 (26.9) | 22 (26.5) | 23 (27.4) | |
Living area | ||||
Urban | 58 (34.7) | 33 (39.8) | 25 (29.8) | N.S. |
Rural | 106 (63.5) | 49 (59.0) | 57 (67.9) | |
Type of marriage (if a participant had been married) | ||||
Love marriage | 6 (3.6) | 4 (4.8) | 2 (2.4) | |
Arranged by parents and other relatives | 142 (85.0) | 64 (77.1) | 78 (92.9) | |
Forced by parents and other relatives | 13 (7.8) | 12 (14.5) | 1 (1.2) | |
Through internet | 2 (1.2) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (1.2) |