Table 3 Baseline severity of symptoms: incontinent episodes (IE) and urine loss (g) (pad test)

Aksac (2003)

20 (1 hour)

Arvonen (2001)

25 (SPT, st.b.vl)

Balmforth (2004)

12.2 (SPT, st.b.vl)

Berghmans (1996)

2–3

28 (48 hr pad test)

Bidmead (2002)

10 (SPT)

Bo (1999)

2.0 per 3 days

38.6 (SPT, st.b.vl.); 14.5 (24 hr pad test)

Bo (2000)

45 (SPT, st.b.vl)

Cammu & van Nylen (1998)

14.4

NR

Chen (1999)

5.5

20 (1 hour)

Dumoulin (1995)

74.4 (SD 84.3) (SPT, st.b.vl)

Dumoulin (2004)

PF group: 12.5 g: PF+ abs group: 20 g (SPT, st.b.vl)

Finkenhagen (1998)

NR

Glavind (1996)

10.9 (SPT, st.b.vl)

Hay-Smith (2002)

1.8

3.9 ml (paper towel test)

Johnson (2001)

3.6 (range: 1.86–13)

12.9 (range: 1.76–111.42) (10 hour pad test)

Knight (1998)

14.6 (SPT, st.b.vl)

Miller (1998)

Paper towel test

Morkved (2002)

27.5 (SPT, st.b.vl), 42.2 (48 hr pad test)

Pages (2001)

NR

Parkkinen (2004)

(SPT, st.b.vl)

Pieber (1995)

NR

Sung (2000)

NR

Turkan (2005)

(1) 8.6 (2) 29.1 (3) 236.4) (1 hour pad test)

Wong (2001)

6.3

10.8 (SPT, standardised fluid intake)