Table 1 Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for lack of prior cervical cancer screening by selected women’s characteristics, 1,620 women, Thimphu and Lungthenphu, Bhutan

All women

1620

661 (40.8)

–

–

Recruitment area

Thimphu

1003

426 (42.5)

Ref. cat.

Lungthenphu

617

235 (38.1)

0.8

0.7 – 1.0

Age groups (yrs)

25-34

852

407 (47.8)

2.3

1.8 – 3.0

35-44

435

122 (28.0)

Ref. cat.

≥45

333

132 (39.6)

1.7

1.2 – 2.3

Occupation

Housewife

1051

402 (38.2)

Ref. cat.

Shopkeeper/saleswoman

161

77 (47.8)

1.6

1.1 – 2.3

Manual worker/Farmer

154

81 (52.6)

1.7

1.2 – 2.4

Clerical staff

110

44 (40.0)

1.0

0.6 – 1.5

Teacher/Health worker/Students

131

48 (36.7)

1.0

0.6 – 1.4

Ethnic group

Scharchop

605

226 (37.4)

Ref. cat.

Ngalop

396

168 (42.4)

1.3

1.0 – 1.7

Lhotsampa

340

156 (45.9)

1.6

1.2 – 2.1

Other

274

106 (38.7)

1.1

0.8 – 1.5

Marital status

Married

1487

586 (39.4)

Ref. cat.

Single

15

12 (80.0)

4.9

1.3 – 17.9

Widowed/separated

112

57 (50.9)

1.8

1.2 – 2.6

Pregnancies

0

93

63 (67.7)

1.9

1.2 -3.2

1

267

145 (54.3)

Ref. cat.

2

442

182 (41.2)

0.7

0.5 – 0.9

≥3

809

263 (32.5)

0.6

0.4 – 0.8

${\chi }_{\mathit{1}}^{\mathit{2}}$ for trend

= 9.8, p = 0.002^b

Contraceptive method

None

343

194 (56.6)

Ref. cat.

Hormonal

656

261 (39.8)

0.5

0.3 – 0.6

Other

606

196 (32.3)

0.4

0.3 – 0.5

Lifetime sexual partners

1

1420

568 (40.0)

Ref. cat.

≥2

174

77 (44.2)

1.4

1.0 – 1.9

HPV infection

Negative

1254

479 (38.2)

Ref. cat.

Positive

366

182 (49.7)

1.5

1.2 – 1.9