Fig. 1

Experiment design. a Session and menstrual phase. Subjects were randomly assigned to the follicular session or luteal session. The second session was conducted in the other menstrual phase of the first session. Third and fourth sessions were conducted as well as the first and second session. In the first and second session, the subjects were randomly assigned to the meal intake trial or the fasting trial. In the third and fourth session, the subjects were assigned to the other trial. In each session, baseline and subsequent measurements were conducted. Baseline and skew-patterned square in each session shows 12-h fasting. b Experiment procedure in each session. M _B baseline measurement, M ₂₀ measurement at 20 min after meal intake, M ₄₀ measurement at 40 min after meal intake, M ₆₀ measurement at 60 min after meal intake, M ₈₀ measurement at 80 min after meal intake, MI/F meal intake in the meal intake trial or fasting in the fasting trial