Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics of women who have ever given birth in the Kenyan (N = 31,079) and Zimbabwean (N = 9171) DHS
Characteristic | Kenya | Zimbabwe |
|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | |
Individual level factors | ||
Age categories | ||
< 18 years | 3769 (12.1) | 1603 (17.5) |
18–30 years | 14,921 (48.0) | 4181 (45.6) |
> 30 years | 12,389 (39.9) | 3387 (36.9) |
Marital status | ||
Married/ living with partner | 19,036 (61.3) | 5578 (60.8) |
Divorced/ separated/widowed | 3468 (11.1) | 680 (7.4) |
Never in union | 8575 (27.6) | 2913 (31.8) |
Employment in past 12 months? | ||
Yes | 5628 (38.2) | 3776 (41.2) |
No | 9111 (61.8) | 5395 (58.8) |
Modern contraceptive use | ||
Yes | 11, 025 (35.5) | 3711 (40.5) |
No | 19,047 (61.3) | 5388 (58.8) |
Modern Contraceptive type | ||
None | 19,047 (61.3) | 5388 (58.8) |
Oral | 1439 (4.6) | 2423 (26.4) |
IUD | 614 (2.0) | 15 (0.2) |
Injection | 5516 (17.8) | 594 (6.4) |
Condoms | 797 (2.6) | 358 (3.9) |
Implants | 1969 (6.3) | 226 (2.5) |
Sterilization | 655 (2.1) | 58 (0.6) |
Other | 1, 042 (3.4) | 82 (0.9) |
Mothers education level | ||
None | 4183 (13.5) | 224 (2.4) |
Primary | 15,613 (50.2) | 2650 (28.9) |
Secondary or higher | 11, 283 (36.3) | 6297 (68.7) |
Household wealth index | ||
Low | 13,232 (42.6) | 3292 (35.9) |
Middle | 5946 (19.1) | 1589 (17.3) |
High | 11,901 (38.3) | 4290 (46.8) |
Mothers religion | ||
None | 506 (1.6) | 589 (6.4) |
Roman Catholic | 6229 (20.0) | 764 (8.3) |
Protestant | 20,072 (64.6) | 6757 (73.7) |
Muslim | 4, 161 (13.4) | 40 (0.4) |
Other | 11 (0.4) | 1021 (11.3) |
Number of children | ||
0 | 7834 (25.2) | 2446 (26.7) |
1 | 4426 (14.2) | 1722 (18.8) |
2–3 | 8856 (18.5) | 3042 (33.2) |
> 3 | 9963 (32.1) | 1961 (21.4) |
High risk births | ||
No | 16,742 (72.0) | 3729 (55.5) |
Yes | 6503 (28.0) | 2996 (44.5) |
Under 5 child mortality in the last 5 years | ||
No | 19,307 (83.1) | 5745 (85.4) |
Yes | 3938 (16.9) | 980 (14.6) |
Community level factors | ||
Place of residence | ||
Urban | 11, 614 (37.4) | 3437 (37.5) |
Rural | 19,465 (62.6) | 5734 (62.5) |
Proportion of unemployment* | ||
0% | 29,958 (96.4) | 151 (1.7) |
Up to 10% | 812 (2.6) | 836 (9.1) |
Up to 50% | 309 (1.0) | 7,489,981.7) |
Above 50% | – | 695 (7.6) |
Proportion of illiteracy | ||
0% | 3193 (10.3) | 7972 (57.0) |
Up to 10% | 6251 (20.1) | 1185 (12.9) |
Up to 50% | 16,595 (53.4) | 4 (0.1) |
Above 50% | 5040 (16.2) | – |
Poverty level | ||
0% | 5778 (18.6) | 4290 (46.8) |
Up to 10% | 2282 (7.3) | 4, 875 (53.2) |
Up to 50% | 10,652 (34.3) | 6 (0.1) |
Above 50% | 12,367 (39.8) | – |