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Table 4 Two-way table of predicted means (SEM) for the Australian Recommended Food Score categories by treatment condition and time (Per Protocol Set analysis, PPS)

From: The effect of a diabetes prevention program on dietary quality in women with previous gestational diabetes

ARFS categories

Control (n = 211)

Intervention (n = 120)

Difference

Fruit (p = 0.75) a

 Baseline

5.24 (0.22)

5.52 (0.29)

0.28 (0.44)

 12 Months

5.60 (0.22)

5.78 (0.29)

0.18 (0.62)

 Differential change

0.36 (0.06)

0.26 (0.30)

−0.10 (−0.72, 0.52)

Vegetables (p = 0.49) a

 Baseline

13.58 (0.29)

13.53 (0.39)

−0.06 (0.91)

 12 Months

13.53 (0.30)

13.75 (0.39)

0.22 (0.65)

 Differential change

−0.05 (0.83)

0.22 (0.485)

0.28 (−0.51, 1.06)

Grains (p = 0.69) a

 Baseline

4.20 (0.12)

4.56 (0.16)

0.36 (0.07)

 12 Months

3.80 (0.12)

4.07 (0.16)

0.28 (0.16)

 Differential change

−0.41 (<  0.01) *

−0.49 (< 0.01) *

− 0.08 (− 0.48, 0.32)

Protein

 Meat, Poultry and Eggs (p = 0.42) a

  Baseline

2.62 (0.10)

2.93 (0.13)

0.32 (0.05)

  12 Months

2.62 (0.10)

2.81 (0.13)

0.19 (0.25)

  Differential change

0.00 (0.98)

−0.12 (0.32)

−0.13 (− 0.43, 0.18)

 Nuts and Legumes (p = 0.09) a

  Baseline

1.69 (0.09)

1.70 (0.12)

0.02 (0.92)

  12 Months

1.74 (0.09)

1.53 (0.12)

−0.21 (0.16)

  Differential change

0.05 (0.51)

−0.17 (0.11)

−0.22 (− 0.49, 0.04)

 Fish (p = 0.851) a

  Baseline

0.86 (0.06)

0.88 (0.07)

0.02 (0.79)

  12 Months

0.83 (0.06)

0.87 (0.07)

0.04 (0.66)

  Differential change

−0.03 (0.58)

−0.02 (0.86)

0.02 (− 0.15, 0.19)

 Total protein (p = 0.17) a

  Baseline

5.16 (0.15)

5.52 (0.20)

0.36 (0.15)

  12 Months

5.19 (0.15)

5.21 (0.20)

0.02 (0.94)

  Differential change

0.03 (0.85)

−0.31 (0.11)

−0.34 (− 0.82, 0.14)

Dairy (p = 0.05) a *

 Baseline

2.76 (0.08)

2.88 (0.10)

0.13 (0.31)

 12 Months

2.77 (0.08)

3.16 (0.10)

0.39 (<  0.01) *

 Differential change

0.02 (0.69)

0.16 (< 0.01) *

0.26 (0.01, 0.51)

Total Score (p = 0.997) a, b

 Baseline

31.44 (0.59)

32.43 (0.79)

1.00 (0.31)

 12 Months

31.68 (0.61)

32.67 (0.79)

0.99 (0.32)

 Differential change

0.24 (0.62)

0.24 (0.70)

0.00 (−1.54, 1.53)

  1. a p-value for the F-test of Time by Treatment interaction
  2. b Alcohol and fat categories are removed because the ITT and PPS analyses are the same in a GLMM setting for two time points
  3. *Significant p-value (p ≤ 0.05)