Table 4 Multiple linear regression analysis with sleep disturbance as dependent variable
Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent variables | B | 95% CI | p-value | B | 95% CI | p-value |
MHT (ref. = non-user) | 0.14 | 0.03–0.24 | < 0.001 | 0.04 | −0.06 – 0.14 | 0.41 |
Sleep medication (ref. = non-user) | 1.31 | 1.24–1.38 | < 0.001 | 0.84 | 0.77–0.91 | < 0.001 |
Age (years) (ref. = 45–54) | ||||||
55–64 | 0.38 | 0.31–0.44 | < 0.001 | 0.22 | 0.27–0.76 | < 0.001 |
65–75 | 0.39 | 0.32–0.44 | < 0.001 | 0.20 | 0.13–0.28 | < 0.001 |
Living with partner/others (ref. = living alone) | − 0.19 | − 0.26 – − 0.12 | < 0.001 | − 0.03 | − 0.10 – 0.04 | 0.43 |
Exercise (ref. = <once a week) | ||||||
Once a week | −0.17 | − 0.26 – - 0.07 | 0.001 | 0.01 | −0.08 – 0.10 | 0.85 |
2–3 times a week | −0.20 | −0.28 – - 0.11 | < 0.001 | 0.03 | −0.06 – 0.10 | 0.62 |
Daily | −0.12 | −0.21 – - 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.02–0.20 | 0.02 |
Non-smoker (ref. = current smoker) | 0.01 | −0.06 – 0.07 | 0.85 | −0.18 | −0.24 – − 0.12 | < 0.001 |
Alcohol (ref. = no use) | − 0.11 | − 0.18 – − 0.05 | 0.001 | 0.12 | 0.06–0.19 | < 0.001 |
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) | ||||||
Anxiety | 0.15 | 0.14–0.16 | < 0.001 | 0.12 | 0.11–0.13 | < 0.001 |
Depression | 0.06 | 0.04–0.07 | < 0.001 | 0.02 | 0.01–0.03 | 0.002 |
Satisfaction with life (higher levels indicate less life satisfaction) | 0.43 | 0.41–0.46 | < 0.001 | 0.07 | 0.04–0.10 | < 0.001 |
Self-assessed health (higher levels indicate better health) | −0.73 | − 0.77 – − 0.68 | < 0.001 | −0.35 | − 0.39 – − 0.30 | < 0.001 |