Table 2 Women’s nutritional status by exposure to intimate partner violence, and both by socio-demographic and economic characteristics (N = 3293)
Ever experienced IPV (including controlling behaviours) | P value | Under-weight | P value | Over-weight | P value | Anemic | P value | N | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | % | ||||||
IPV (including controlling behaviours) | |||||||||
Yes | 15.9 | 0.042 | 24.6 | 0.055 | 44.0 | < 0.001 | 1442 | ||
No | 13.0 | 29.1 | 35.3 | 1851 | |||||
IPV (excluding controlling behaviours) | |||||||||
Yes | 18.1 | 0.001 | 21.5 | 0.002 | 44.1 | 0.011 | 869 | ||
No | 12.9 | 29.2 | 37.3 | 2424 | |||||
Types of violence | |||||||||
Physical violence | |||||||||
Yes | 18.6 | < 0.001 | 19.1 | < 0.001 | 44.4 | 0.009 | 757 | ||
No | 12.9 | 29.6 | 37.5 | 2536 | |||||
Emotional violence | |||||||||
Yes | 18.7 | 0.011 | 25.1 | 0.502 | 39.0 | 0.965 | 402 | ||
No | 13.6 | 27.4 | 39.1 | 2891 | |||||
Sexual violence | |||||||||
Yes | 18.6 | 0.065 | 23.5 | 0.270 | 45.3 | 0.081 | 231 | ||
No | 13.9 | 27.4 | 38.6 | 3062 | |||||
Controlling behaviours | |||||||||
Yes | 16.1 | 0.052 | 24.9 | 0.152 | 44.8 | < 0.001 | 1110 | ||
No | 13.3 | 28.3 | 36.2 | 2183 | |||||
Severity of physical violence | |||||||||
None | 12.9 | 29.5 | 37.5 | 2536 | |||||
Moderate | 15.9 | < 0.001 | 21.7 | < 0.001 | 45.9 | 0.033 | 428 | ||
Severe | 22.1 | 15.8 | 42.4 | 329 | |||||
Woman’s age (in completed years) | |||||||||
15–19 | 44.6 | 0.230 | 26.8 | < 0.001 | 4.7 | < 0.001 | 40.5 | 0.790 | 170 |
20–24 | 42.3 | 18.8 | 14.1 | 41.7 | 512 | ||||
25–29 | 44.7 | 15.3 | 26.0 | 40.2 | 601 | ||||
30–34 | 42.5 | 10.6 | 34.2 | 39.6 | 613 | ||||
35–39 | 49.5 | 9.3 | 31.4 | 38.1 | 579 | ||||
40–44 | 40.0 | 16.2 | 30.2 | 37.6 | 481 | ||||
45–49 | 41.6 | 11.4 | 35.8 | 35.4 | 336 | ||||
Woman’s education (by years of formal schooling) | |||||||||
No school | 49.0 | < 0.001 | 18.9 | < 0.001 | 19.9 | < 0.001 | 41.1 | 0.498 | 1458 |
1–5 years of school | 46.8 | 12.5 | 32.2 | 38.3 | 568 | ||||
6–9 years of school | 38.0 | 10.3 | 31.8 | 37.5 | 678 | ||||
10 and above years of school | 34.3 | 9.0 | 35.0 | 36.7 | 589 | ||||
Family size | |||||||||
Less than 5 | 42.8 | 0.431 | 9.8 | < 0.001 | 31.5 | < 0.001 | 36.4 | < 0.05 | 1473 |
5 and above | 44.5 | 17.9 | 23.6 | 41.3 | 1820 | ||||
Caste/ethnicity | |||||||||
Dalit | 54.9 | < 0.001 | 20.8 | < 0.001 | 22.7 | < 0.001 | 38.9 | < 0.001 | 433 |
Muslim | 59.1 | 31.3 | 16.6 | 52.3 | 156 | ||||
Janajati | 41.1 | 10.6 | 31.8 | 35.5 | 1023 | ||||
Other terai caste | 59.7 | 22.8 | 14.9 | 54.4 | 495 | ||||
Brahmin/Chhetri | 30.9 | 9.8 | 28.2 | 36 | 1016 | ||||
Other | 47.3 | 5.3 | 49.8 | 23.4 | 170 | ||||
Place of residence | |||||||||
Urban | 44.7 | 0.434 | 11.5 | < 0.001 | 32.9 | < 0.001 | 37.2 | 0.118 | 1978 |
Rural | 42.3 | 18.4 | 18.5 | 41.9 | 1315 | ||||
Wealth quintile | |||||||||
Poorest | 36.2 | < 0.001 | 17.1 | < 0.001 | 11.3 | < 0.001 | 28.1 | < 0.001 | 578 |
Second poorest | 43.0 | 18.0 | 19.4 | 37.8 | 650 | ||||
Middle | 49.8 | 16.7 | 15.2 | 48.4 | 698 | ||||
Second richest | 49.7 | 15.9 | 30.2 | 44.8 | 707 | ||||
Richest | 38.2 | 3.7 | 58.0 | 34.0 | 660 | ||||